chapter 3-conscious
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show | Learning
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show | it cannot be defined.
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Which type of cortical wave has the lowest intensity? | show 🗑
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Which type of cortical wave has the lowest frequency? | show 🗑
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show | Sleep spindles.
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show | The body is paralyzed.
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show | The content of dreams
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show | Alpha
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show | Voluntary muscles tense and become more active.
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Under the influence of alcohol, angered people are ________ likely to be aggressive than they would otherwise be and restaurant patrons are ________ likely to tip generously than they otherwise would. | show 🗑
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The ability to simultaneously monitor the shape as well as the color of an object best illustrates the value of | show 🗑
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Research on sleep patterns indicates that | show 🗑
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show | may actually make Mr. Ming's insomnia worse when it is discontinued.
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show | hypnotized people are simply enacting the role of “good hypnotic subjects.”
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By decreasing REM sleep, alcohol consumption disrupts the processing of recent experiences into long-term memory. This disruptions occurs because REM sleep | show 🗑
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Human body temperatures typically | show 🗑
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show | cocaine.
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show | hypnotized people can endure pain without experiencing emotional distress.
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During the course of a full night’s sleep, people are most likely to spend more time in | show 🗑
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Near-death experiences are | show 🗑
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show | our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly move.
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show | Stage 4 sleep will diminish and that REM sleep will increase in duration.
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show | Stage 1 sleep.
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People become unresponsive to hypnosis if told that those who are highly gullible are easily hypnotized. This fact is most consistent with the theory that hypnosis involves | show 🗑
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show | marijuana
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An altered state of consciousness in which people experience fantastic images and often feel separated from their bodies is most closely associated with the use of | show 🗑
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show | Dual (parallel) processing and selective attention.
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show | Frame our responses to those drugs and people who use them.
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Study followed by sleep tends to: | show 🗑
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_____ sleep has been linked to consolidation, which is part of the process of _____. | show 🗑
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Classical conditioning: | show 🗑
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show | Observational learning.
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show | Transduction.
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Perceptual organization is the result of: | show 🗑
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show | Most mammalian species maintain a more or less constant 24 hour rhythm.
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Delta waves are more _____ than alpha waves. | show 🗑
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show | Central nervous system.
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show | heritable.
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Which of the following would be an operational definition of tolerance? | show 🗑
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show | Standard deviation of the sleep time for users is larger than that of non-users.
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The effects of stimulants on Attention Deficit Disorder would be most interesting to a | show 🗑
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Why people dream would be most interesting to | show 🗑
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show | Dopamine.
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show | high; low.
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show | strongly expect that they can be hypnotized.
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show | most severe among those with high levels of drug tolerance.
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show | occur simultaneously on several tracks.
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Which sleep disorder is more likely to be experienced by children than by adults? | show 🗑
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show | have very relaxed muscles.
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Sleep deprivation has been shown to | show 🗑
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Which of the following is the best advice for a person concerned about occasional insomnia? | show 🗑
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show | distracting attention
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show | stimulates; increasing
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show | obesity.
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Exposure to bright light causes the | show 🗑
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show | people are more likely to dream of failure than of success.
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Prolonged and excessive drinking can shrink the brain most intensely in ________ who have ________ of a stomach enzyme that digests alcohol. | show 🗑
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Smokers with ________ levels of nicotine tolerance are likely to suffer the most severe withdrawal symptoms when they discontinue smoking. | show 🗑
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According to Freud, the manifest content of a dream refers to the | show 🗑
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Research on sleep patterns indicates that | show 🗑
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According to the dual processing model, language operates in two modes: | show 🗑
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The effect of sleep on memory is probably the result of enhanced: | show 🗑
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show | Does not require conscious awareness.
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Which type of learning is most likely to involve selective attention? | show 🗑
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show | Selective attention.
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Dual processing enables us to take advantage of: | show 🗑
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The ability to process two or more things at once is made possible by: | show 🗑
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What is the difference between hallucination and perception? | show 🗑
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show | Genetics.
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DNA is probably not related to: | show 🗑
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A researcher wants to learn the effects of barbiturates on sleep. To determine this she selects a group of people who use the drugs, and another group that do not. Those who she could study are the: | show 🗑
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show | structuralist.
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Which psychological perspective would be most interested in the manifest and latent content of dreams? | show 🗑
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show | an electroencephalograph.
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show | radar signals.
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Suppose that peer influences simultaneously push young adults toward excessive drinking and risky sex. In explaining the positive correlation between drinking and risky sexual activity, peer influence could best be described as an underlying | show 🗑
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show | dissociation.
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People can be hypnotically induced to | show 🗑
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Since 1960, psychology has regained an interest in consciousness as psychologists of all persuasions affirmed the importance of | show 🗑
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show | withdrawal
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show | stimulants; depressants
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Forty-year-old Lance insists that he never dreams. Research suggests that he probably | show 🗑
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show | people who are highly responsive to hypnotic suggestion tend to become absorbed in the imaginary events of a novel or a movie.
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show | free radicals.
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show | 90 minutes.
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show | stage 1.
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Animals with the ________ need to graze and the ________ ability to hide from danger tend to sleep less. | show 🗑
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Brain damage left one woman unable to recognize the width of a block even though she could grasp it with just the right finger-thumb distance. This unusual case illustrates the importance of our normal capacity for | show 🗑
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show | night terrors.
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Cindi prefers to take exams in the late afternoon rather than during the morning, because her energy level and ability to concentrate are better at that time. Her experience most likely reflects the influence of the | show 🗑
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Selective attention, inattention, and confirmation bias may reflect: | show 🗑
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show | dreaming.
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show | selective attention.
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What is the primary difference between behaviorism and cognitive neuroscience? | show 🗑
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Hallucinogens have little impact on: | show 🗑
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Hypnosis has been used by dentists to successfully: | show 🗑
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Virtually all mammals sleep, which suggests that: | show 🗑
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show | Why most mammals REM while they sleep.
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Worldwide, the most commonly used psychoactive drugs are | show 🗑
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In looking at hypnosis, someone with a psychodynamic perspective would look for: | show 🗑
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The greatest danger of viewing drug addiction as a disease is that this may lead drug addicts to | show 🗑
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show | typically occur during Stage 4 sleep.
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Alcohol consumption tends to | show 🗑
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Orne and Evans discovered that unhypnotized subjects performed the same dangerous acts as hypnotized subjects. This finding is most consistent with the theory that hypnosis involves | show 🗑
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show | dehydration.
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show | behaved in the same fashion as unhypnotized individuals.
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Traffic accident rates have been found to ________ after the spring change to daylight savings time and to ________ after the fall change back to standard time. | show 🗑
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show | latent.
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show | cocaine.
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Research on the use of addictive drugs indicates that | show 🗑
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Felix was so preoccupied with his girlfriend's good looks that he failed to perceive any of her less admirable characteristics. This best illustrates the dangers of | show 🗑
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Jana developed a habit of drinking several beers after work each day. Her diminishing feeling of intoxication from the drinks is indicative of | show 🗑
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show | a biopsychosocial approach.
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show | variable interval.
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show | Figure-ground and grouping phenomenon.
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It appears that one's ability to become physically dependent on a psychoactive drug is influenced by: | show 🗑
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Some subjects receive a depressant before going to sleep, other receive a placebo. Researchers then study how long it takes the subjects to fall asleep. In this study the dependent variable is: | show 🗑
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The more a person uses stimulants, the more likely they are to experience insomnia. This indicates that: | show 🗑
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show | limbic.
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show | agonist; enhances
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Sleep spindles are characteristic of ________ sleep. | show 🗑
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show | within three hours of falling asleep.
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At 3 o’clock in the morning, John has already slept for 4 hours. As long as his sleep continues, we can expect an increasing occurrence of | show 🗑
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Shane, a straight-A student, remembers dreaming that he failed an important chemistry test. According to Freud, Shane's account represents the ________ content of his dream. | show 🗑
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show | stage 1
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An altered state of consciousness similar to that of a near-death experience is most likely to result from the use of | show 🗑
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Twenty-eight-year-old Theodore has an irrational fear of dogs. His therapist hypnotizes him and asks him to mentally relive his earliest childhood experience with a dog. The therapist is making use of | show 🗑
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Research indicates that memories retrieved during hypnosis are | show 🗑
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REM sleep is | show 🗑
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The emotional tone of our dreams is especially likely to be influenced by activation of the ________ during REM sleep. | show 🗑
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show | methamphetamine
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As Inge recalled her dream, she was dancing with a tall, dark, and handsome gentleman when suddenly the music shifted to loud rock and the man disappeared. According to Freud, Inge's account represents the ________ content of her dream. | show 🗑
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show | May not apply because dreams reflect random neural activity (static).
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The effect of sleep on memory is probably mediated by: | show 🗑
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Lack of sleep has been shown to: | show 🗑
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show | retinal disparity
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show | heritable
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As a person gradually shifts from Stage 1 to Stage 4 sleep, brain waves become progressively ________ in frequency and ________ in amplitude. | show 🗑
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Which of the following sleep disorders would be the most incapacitating for a commercial bus driver? | show 🗑
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show | alpha waves.
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Methamphetamine enhances energy and mood by triggering the release of the neurotransmitter | show 🗑
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show | cognitive neuroscience
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show | decrease; increase
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show | psychological dependence.
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At 1:00 A.M., Luis gets out of bed and begins to sleepwalk. An EEG of his brain activity is most likely to indicate the presence of | show 🗑
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Although we may be unaware of our gender prejudices, they often influence the way we consciously perceive males and females. This best illustrates | show 🗑
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The release of stored serotonin and the eventual damage of serotonin-producing neurons is most closely associated with the long-term use of | show 🗑
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show | social influence.
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Sleeping after learning something may enhance the ability to remember what you learned by blocking: | show 🗑
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show | Conscious attention to other things.
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show | People change their cycles in response to changes in when daylight begins.
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A cognitive neuroscientist might be interested in the effects of: | show 🗑
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Psychedelic drugs are also called | show 🗑
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show | heroin.
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show | latent content.
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show | suprachiasmatic nucleus.
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U.S. sixth graders ________ their friends' use of marijuana, and university students ________ their fellow students' enthusiasm for alcohol. | show 🗑
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show | sensitivity to pain.
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show | people often experience sudden visual images during REM sleep.
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Research participants picked one of two photographed faces as more attractive. When researchers cleverly switched the photos, participants readily explained why they preferred the face they had actually rejected. Their behavior illustrated | show 🗑
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By decreasing REM sleep, alcohol consumption disrupts the processing of recent experiences into long-term memory. This disruptions occurs because REM sleep | show 🗑
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show | selective attention.
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A brief 15- to 30-minute rush of euphoria followed by a crash of agitated depression is most closely associated with the use of | show 🗑
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According to Freud, the manifest content of a dream refers to the | show 🗑
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François was dismayed to discover that some of his football teammates were using drugs to enhance their footwork and endurance on the playing field. Which of the following drugs were the players most likely using? | show 🗑
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Insight and intuition may result from the activities of: | show 🗑
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We tend to remember dreams that occur ______, perhaps because of a lack of: | show 🗑
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Stimulant drugs like amphetamines, that tend to increase attention and alertness, are likely to influence the: | show 🗑
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show | Conducting a study to determine if hypnosis can be used to limit withdrawal symptoms in opiate abusers.
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Getting only half of a normal night of sleep is likely to cut most deeply into your ________ sleep time. | show 🗑
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Sexually aroused women who have been drinking alcohol become ________ disposed to casual sex. Sexually aroused men who have been drinking become ________ disposed to sexual aggression. | show 🗑
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show | its underlying but censored meaning.
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After a stressful day at the office, Arthur has five or six drinks at a local bar before going home for dinner. Research suggests that Arthur's heavy drinking will have the most adverse effect on his ability to remember | show 🗑
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show | disinhibitor.
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show | close the pain gate.
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show | most mammals experience REM rebound.
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show | enhancing memory.
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show | consciousness.
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show | withdrawal.
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show | biopsychosocial.
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In contrast to alcohol, marijuana | show 🗑
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Which of the following is a common symptom of nicotine withdrawal? | show 🗑
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show | REM sleep.
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Hypnotized people who have been age regressed are no more genuinely childlike than unhypnotized people who pretend to act in a childlike behavior. This fact most clearly supports | show 🗑
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show | posthypnotic suggestion.
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show | Sleep, hypnosis and psychoactive drugs.
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When the brain is in level 4 sleep, _____ waves are observed in the _____. | show 🗑
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show | Functionalists.
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show | lower; lower
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show | REM sleep.
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During a heated argument with his teenage daughter, Mr. Reid suddenly lapsed into a state of REM sleep. Mr. Reid apparently suffers from | show 🗑
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The claim that hypnotic phenomena occur outside our normal awareness is associated with the theory that hypnosis involves | show 🗑
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Shown the hollow face illusion, people will mistakenly perceive the inside of a mask as a protruding face. Yet, they will accurately reach into the inverted mask to flick off a buglike target stuck on the face. This best illustrates the capacity for | show 🗑
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The circadian rhythm is influenced by light-sensitive retinal proteins that trigger signals to the | show 🗑
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show | regular users may achieve a high with less of the drug than occasional users.
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show | reduced effect of a drug resulting from its regular usage.
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show | infants; adults.
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show | visual cortex.
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A bank teller was so distracted by the sight of a bank robber's weapon that she failed to perceive important features of the criminal's physical appearance. This best illustrates | show 🗑
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Bed-wetting is most likely to occur at the end of ________ sleep. | show 🗑
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show | sleep apnea.
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show | the dissociation theory.
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Compared to unconscious information processing, conscious information processing is relatively | show 🗑
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show | sleep apnea.
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When cocaine is injected or smoked, it produces a rush of euphoria that lasts 15 to 30 minutes. But the stimulant drug ________ can trigger 8 hours or so of heightened energy and euphoria. | show 🗑
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show | sleep on a regular schedule.
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show | endocrine.
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show | occipital.
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Which of the following would be an example of basic research? | show 🗑
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When cocaine is snorted, free-based, or injected, it produces a rush of euphoria by | show 🗑
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show | Functionalists.
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show | decreases; decreases.
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show | choice blindness.
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show | narcolepsy.
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Psychoactive drugs, including alcohol and others that influence stress, tend to: | show 🗑
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Some people take barbiturates to help them sleep. Some of those people are compared with those who do not use those drugs. Those that are studied would be called the: | show 🗑
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Dreams often involve sudden emotional reactions and surprising changes in scene. This best serves to support the theory that dreams | show 🗑
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Which of the following is bad advice for a person trying to overcome insomnia? | show 🗑
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show | viral infections.
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show | How long it takes to subjects to fall asleep.
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