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chapter 3-conscious

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Question
Answer
Constancies reflect the effect of   show
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show it cannot be defined.  
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Which type of cortical wave has the lowest intensity?   show
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Which type of cortical wave has the lowest frequency?   show
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show Sleep spindles.  
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Which of the following is a characteristic of REM sleep?   show
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What element of consciousness will not be explored by a behaviorist?   show
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Hypnosis is associated with what type of cortical activity?   show
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Which of the following is NOT characteristic of REM sleep?   show
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show more; more  
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show dual processing.  
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Research on sleep patterns indicates that   show
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show may actually make Mr. Ming's insomnia worse when it is discontinued.  
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show hypnotized people are simply enacting the role of “good hypnotic subjects.”  
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show facilitates the process of consolidation.  
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Human body temperatures typically   show
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show cocaine.  
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show hypnotized people can endure pain without experiencing emotional distress.  
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show REM sleep than in Stage 4 sleep.  
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Near-death experiences are   show
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show our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly move.  
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Feli has been asleep for three hours. As he continues to sleep, we can expect that   show
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The brain waves associated with REM sleep are most similar to those of   show
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People become unresponsive to hypnosis if told that those who are highly gullible are easily hypnotized. This fact is most consistent with the theory that hypnosis involves   show
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show marijuana  
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An altered state of consciousness in which people experience fantastic images and often feel separated from their bodies is most closely associated with the use of   show
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show Dual (parallel) processing and selective attention.  
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We have an intuitive sense about what psychoactive drugs will do for us. This expectation may:   show
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Study followed by sleep tends to:   show
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show REM, memory storage.  
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show Does not require conscious awareness.  
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What type of learning is most likely to involve dual processing?   show
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Psychoactive drugs have little impact on:   show
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show Automatic, non-conscious processing of sensory information.  
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Which of the following indicates that circadian rhythms are influenced by genetics?   show
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Delta waves are more _____ than alpha waves.   show
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show Central nervous system.  
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show heritable.  
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show Needing to take more of a drug to produce the same effect.  
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show Standard deviation of the sleep time for users is larger than that of non-users.  
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show Psychiatrist.  
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Why people dream would be most interesting to   show
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show Dopamine.  
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REM sleep is characterized by ________ frequency and ________ amplitude brain waves.   show
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show strongly expect that they can be hypnotized.  
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Symptoms of drug withdrawal are likely to be   show
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Unconscious information processing is more likely than conscious processing to   show
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Which sleep disorder is more likely to be experienced by children than by adults?   show
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After sleeping for about an hour and a half, José enters a phase of paradoxical sleep. He is likely to   show
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Sleep deprivation has been shown to   show
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show Relax and drink a glass of milk before bedtime.  
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One plausible theory suggests that hypnosis relieves pain by   show
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Sleep deprivation ________ the production of body fat by ________ levels of the stress hormone cortisol.   show
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Chronic sleep debt is most likely to promote   show
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Exposure to bright light causes the   show
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Research studies of the content of dreams indicate that   show
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show women; less.  
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Smokers with ________ levels of nicotine tolerance are likely to suffer the most severe withdrawal symptoms when they discontinue smoking.   show
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show remembered storyline of a dream.  
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Research on sleep patterns indicates that   show
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show Conscious and deliberate versus unconscious and automatic.  
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show Consolidation.  
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show Does not require conscious awareness.  
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Which type of learning is most likely to involve selective attention?   show
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show Selective attention.  
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show Binocular cues to distance.  
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The ability to process two or more things at once is made possible by:   show
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show Hallucinations are seen by one person, perceptions by many.  
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show Genetics.  
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show The manifest and latent content of dreams.  
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show Population.  
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The concept of consciousness would be most interesting to a   show
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show psychodynamic.  
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show an electroencephalograph.  
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show radar signals.  
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Suppose that peer influences simultaneously push young adults toward excessive drinking and risky sex. In explaining the positive correlation between drinking and risky sexual activity, peer influence could best be described as an underlying   show
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show dissociation.  
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People can be hypnotically induced to   show
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Since 1960, psychology has regained an interest in consciousness as psychologists of all persuasions affirmed the importance of   show
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When Mark first tried to quit smoking, he experienced anxiety, irritability, and difficulty sleeping. Mark was experiencing   show
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show stimulants; depressants  
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show would report a vivid dream if he were awakened during REM sleep.  
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show people who are highly responsive to hypnotic suggestion tend to become absorbed in the imaginary events of a novel or a movie.  
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Bats need a lot of sleep because their high waking metabolism produces ________ that are toxic to neurons.   show
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show 90 minutes.  
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Hypnagogic sensations are most closely associated with ________ sleep.   show
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Animals with the ________ need to graze and the ________ ability to hide from danger tend to sleep less.   show
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show dual processing.  
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About three hours after he falls asleep, Bobby often sits up in bed screaming incoherently. His mother tries to awaken him, but with no success. The next morning, he remembers nothing. It appears that Bobby suffers from   show
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show circadian rhythm.  
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show Overconfidence, belief perseverance and functional fixedness.  
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Behaviorists would not be interested in studying:   show
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Inattentional blindness is a reflection of the power of:   show
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show one studies mind, the other ignores it.  
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show sensation.  
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Hypnosis has been used by dentists to successfully:   show
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show Natural selection favored those who occasionally were not conscious.  
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An evolutionary psychologist interested in natural selection might be interested in:   show
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show caffeine and alcohol.  
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In looking at hypnosis, someone with a psychodynamic perspective would look for:   show
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show feel powerless to overcome the addiction.  
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It has been found that night terrors   show
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show decrease self-awareness and decrease impulse control.  
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Orne and Evans discovered that unhypnotized subjects performed the same dangerous acts as hypnotized subjects. This finding is most consistent with the theory that hypnosis involves   show
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show dehydration.  
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show behaved in the same fashion as unhypnotized individuals.  
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Traffic accident rates have been found to ________ after the spring change to daylight savings time and to ________ after the fall change back to standard time.   show
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show latent.  
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Caged rats respond to foot shocks with unusually high levels of aggression after ingesting   show
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Research on the use of addictive drugs indicates that   show
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Felix was so preoccupied with his girlfriend's good looks that he failed to perceive any of her less admirable characteristics. This best illustrates the dangers of   show
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show tolerance.  
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Mark's abuse of alcohol and other addictive drugs is influenced by genetic factors, by the ready availability of drugs in Mark's neighborhood, and by Mark's failure to accurately assess the risks associated with drug usage.   show
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show variable interval.  
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Selective attention is responsible for:   show
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It appears that one's ability to become physically dependent on a psychoactive drug is influenced by:   show
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show How long it takes to subjects to fall asleep.  
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The more a person uses stimulants, the more likely they are to experience insomnia. This indicates that:   show
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show limbic.  
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show agonist; enhances  
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Sleep spindles are characteristic of ________ sleep.   show
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show within three hours of falling asleep.  
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At 3 o’clock in the morning, John has already slept for 4 hours. As long as his sleep continues, we can expect an increasing occurrence of   show
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Shane, a straight-A student, remembers dreaming that he failed an important chemistry test. According to Freud, Shane's account represents the ________ content of his dream.   show
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Fantastic images that are not part of our regular sleep dreams occur during ________ sleep.   show
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show cocaine  
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show age regression  
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Research indicates that memories retrieved during hypnosis are   show
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show inhibited by alcohol and inhibited by sleeping pills.  
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show limbic system  
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show methamphetamine  
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As Inge recalled her dream, she was dancing with a tall, dark, and handsome gentleman when suddenly the music shifted to loud rock and the man disappeared. According to Freud, Inge's account represents the ________ content of her dream.   show
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One reason that dreams may make little sense is that the things we use to predict and to understand what happens in them (heuristics, algorithms and biases):   show
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show The hippocampus.  
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Lack of sleep has been shown to:   show
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show retinal disparity  
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Identical twins are more likely than fraternal twins to be similar with respect to their ability to be hypnotized. This suggests that this trait is:   show
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As a person gradually shifts from Stage 1 to Stage 4 sleep, brain waves become progressively ________ in frequency and ________ in amplitude.   show
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Which of the following sleep disorders would be the most incapacitating for a commercial bus driver?   show
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Jordanna has decided to go to bed early. Although her eyes are closed and she's very relaxed, she has not yet fallen asleep. An electroencephalograph is most likely to indicate the presence of   show
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Methamphetamine enhances energy and mood by triggering the release of the neurotransmitter   show
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Which specialty area would be most interested in identifying the cortical activation patterns associated with a person's perception of different objects?   show
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Amphetamines ________ appetite and ________ self-confidence.   show
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To relieve her job-related stress, Jessica has several cocktails every night. Jessica's drinking is an indication of   show
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At 1:00 A.M., Luis gets out of bed and begins to sleepwalk. An EEG of his brain activity is most likely to indicate the presence of   show
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Although we may be unaware of our gender prejudices, they often influence the way we consciously perceive males and females. This best illustrates   show
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show Ecstasy  
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show social influence.  
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Sleeping after learning something may enhance the ability to remember what you learned by blocking:   show
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show Conscious attention to other things.  
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show People change their cycles in response to changes in when daylight begins.  
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A cognitive neuroscientist might be interested in the effects of:   show
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show hallucinogens.  
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Hans Kosterlitz found that endorphin receptor sites are identical to neural receptor sites for   show
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show latent content.  
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The circadian rhythm is influenced by light-sensitive retinal proteins that trigger signals to the   show
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show overestimate; overestimate.  
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show sensitivity to pain.  
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The activation-synthesis theory best helps to explain why   show
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Research participants picked one of two photographed faces as more attractive. When researchers cleverly switched the photos, participants readily explained why they preferred the face they had actually rejected. Their behavior illustrated   show
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By decreasing REM sleep, alcohol consumption disrupts the processing of recent experiences into long-term memory. This disruptions occurs because REM sleep   show
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show selective attention.  
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A brief 15- to 30-minute rush of euphoria followed by a crash of agitated depression is most closely associated with the use of   show
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show remembered story line of a dream.  
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show amphetamines  
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show the right side of the brain.  
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show As we awaken, retroactive interference.  
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show reticular formation.  
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show Conducting a study to determine if hypnosis can be used to limit withdrawal symptoms in opiate abusers.  
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Getting only half of a normal night of sleep is likely to cut most deeply into your ________ sleep time.   show
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show more; more.  
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show its underlying but censored meaning.  
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After a stressful day at the office, Arthur has five or six drinks at a local bar before going home for dinner. Research suggests that Arthur's heavy drinking will have the most adverse effect on his ability to remember   show
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The reckless aggressive behavior that may follow alcohol consumption best illustrates that alcohol may act as a(n)   show
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show close the pain gate.  
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show most mammals experience REM rebound.  
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Researchers are most likely to question the value of hypnosis for   show
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show consciousness.  
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When Celeste was unable to obtain her regular supply of heroin, she began to develop pain and an intense craving for the drug. Celeste was experiencing symptoms of   show
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Understanding hypnosis in terms of focused attention, distinctive brain activity, and the presence of an authoritative presence in a legitimate context, requires an integrated ________ approach.   show
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In contrast to alcohol, marijuana   show
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show anxiety.  
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Brain regions that buzz with activity as people learn to perform a visual-discrimination task are especially likely to buzz again later as they experience   show
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show social influence theory.  
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While Bev was hypnotized, her therapist suggested that during the next several days she would have a strong desire to eat wellbalanced meals. The therapist was apparently making use of   show
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Of the following, which may enhance memory?   show
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show Delta waves, cortex and hippocampus.  
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Why people dream would be most interesting to   show
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African-American teens have ________ rates of smoking and ________ rates of cocaine use than other U.S. teens.   show
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show REM sleep.  
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show narcolepsy.  
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show dissociation.  
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Shown the hollow face illusion, people will mistakenly perceive the inside of a mask as a protruding face. Yet, they will accurately reach into the inverted mask to flick off a buglike target stuck on the face. This best illustrates the capacity for   show
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The circadian rhythm is influenced by light-sensitive retinal proteins that trigger signals to the   show
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show regular users may achieve a high with less of the drug than occasional users.  
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Drug tolerance refers to the   show
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Research indicates that the percentage of total sleep spent in REM sleep is higher in ________ than in ________.   show
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show visual cortex.  
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A bank teller was so distracted by the sight of a bank robber's weapon that she failed to perceive important features of the criminal's physical appearance. This best illustrates   show
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show slow-wave.  
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Mr. Dayton occasionally stops breathing while sleeping. He wakes up to snort air for a few seconds before falling back to sleep. Mrs. Dayton complains that her husband snores. Clearly, Mr. Dayton suffers from   show
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If highly hypnotizable people are no better than others at simultaneously reading a book and listening to music, this would most clearly challenge   show
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Compared to unconscious information processing, conscious information processing is relatively   show
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Mr. Oates always sleeps restlessly, snorting and gasping throughout the night. It is most likely that Mr. Oates suffers from   show
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When cocaine is injected or smoked, it produces a rush of euphoria that lasts 15 to 30 minutes. But the stimulant drug ________ can trigger 8 hours or so of heightened energy and euphoria.   show
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Which of the following suggested treatments for insomnia is a reflection of the power of classical conditioning?   show
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show endocrine.  
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show occipital.  
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show Exploring the effects of THC on social behavior to learn if there is an effect.  
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show blocking the reuptake of dopamine.  
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Why people dream would be most interesting to   show
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show decreases; decreases.  
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show choice blindness.  
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show narcolepsy.  
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show disrupt memory.  
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Some people take barbiturates to help them sleep. Some of those people are compared with those who do not use those drugs. Those that are studied would be called the:   show
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show are triggered by random bursts of neural activity.  
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Which of the following is bad advice for a person trying to overcome insomnia?   show
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Terry has not had a decent night's sleep in over a week. If this sleep deprivation continues, he will become increasingly susceptible to   show
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show How long it takes to subjects to fall asleep.  
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