Vocabulary - Chapter 18
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| Ivan III (the Great) | Prince of Duchy of Moscow; claimed descent from Rurik; responsible for freeing Russia from Mongols after 1462; took title of tsar or Caesar--equivalent of emperor.
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| Third Rome | Russian claim to be successor state to Roman and Byzantium empires; based in part on continuity of Orthodox church in Russia following fall of Constantinople in 1453.
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| Ivan IV (the Terrible) | Confirmed power of tsarist autocracy by attacking authority of Boyars (aristocracy); continued policy of Russian expansion; established contacts with W. Europe commerce and culture.
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| Boyars | Russian aristocrats; possessed less political power than did their counterparts in W. Europe.
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| Cossacks | Peasants required to migrate to newly seized lands in Russia, particularly in S.; combined agriculture with military conquests; spurred additional frontier conquests and settlements.
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| Time of Troubles | Followed death of Ivan IV without heir early in 17th C.; boyars attempted to use vacuum of power to reestablish their authority; ended with selection of Michael Romanov as tsar in 1613.
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| Romanov dynasty | Dynasty elected in 1613 at end of Time of Troubles; ruled Russia until 1917.
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| Alexis Romanov | Second Romanov tsar; abolished assemblies of nobles; gained new powers over the Russian Orthodox church.
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| Old Believers | Russians who refused to accept the ecclesiastical reforms of Alexis Romanov (17th C.); many exiled to Siberia or S. Russia, where they became a part of Russian colonization.
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| Peter I (the Great) | Son of Alexis Romanov; ruled from 1689 to 1725 continued growth of absolutism and conquest; included more definite interest in changed selected aspects of economy and culture through imitation of W. European models.
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| St. Petersburg | The capital of the Russian Empire for over 200 years, founded by Peter the Great in 1703.
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| Catherine the Great | German-born Russian tsarina in the 18th C.; ruled after assassination of her husband; gave appearance of enlightened rule; accepted W. cultural influence; maintained nobility as service aristocracy that by granting them new power over peasantry.
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| Partition of Poland | Division of Poland territory among Russia, Prussia, and Austria in 1772, 1793, and 1795; eliminated Poland as independent state; part of expansion of Russian influence in E. Europe.
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| Obrok | A poll tax paid by peasants absent from their boyar's estate.
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| Pugachev rebellion | During 1770s in reign of Catharine the Great; led by cossacks Emelian Purgachev,who claimed to be legitimate tsar; eventually crushed; typical of peasant unrest during the 18th C. and thereafter.
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
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You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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