AP Biology
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| photosynthesis | show 🗑
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| show | 2 modes by which organisms acquire organic compounds it uses for energy and carbon skeletons
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| show | self-feeder/producer; sustain themselves without eating anything derived from other living beings; produce organic molecules from CO2; ultimate source of organic compounds for nonautotrophs
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| photoautotrophs | show 🗑
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| show | obtain organic material by secondary mode of nutrition; consumers
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| show | original chloroplast believed to be:
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| half a million | show 🗑
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| chlorophyll | show 🗑
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| mesophyll | show 🗑
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| stomata | show 🗑
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| show | typical mesophyll cell has _________ chloroplasts
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| show | dense fluid within chloroplast enveloped by 2 membranes
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| thylakoids | show 🗑
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| 6 (CO2) + 12 (H2O) + light energy --> (C6H12O6) + 6 (O2) + 6 (H2O) | show 🗑
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| H2O | show 🗑
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| Van Niel | show 🗑
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| show | photosyntheis is (endergonic/exergonic)
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| show | 2 stages of photosynthesis
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| light reactions | show 🗑
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| NADP+ | show 🗑
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| show | process of generating ATP from ADP and phosphate by means of a proton-motive force generated across the thylakoid membrane during light reactions
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| show | initial incorporation of carbon from CO2 into an organic compound by an autotrophic organism
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| Calvin cycle; light reactions | show 🗑
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| show | site of light reactions
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| stroma | show 🗑
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| show | distance between crests of electronmagnetic waves
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| electromagnetic spectrum | show 🗑
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| show | wavelength from about 380nm-750 nm in wavelength; can be detected as colors by human eye
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| photons | show 🗑
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| show | substances that absorb visible light
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| spectrophotometer | show 🗑
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| absorption spectrum | show 🗑
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| show | photosynthetic pigment that participates directly in light reactions, which converts solar energy to chemical energy; blue green with functional group CH3
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| chlorophyll b | show 🗑
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| show | profiles relative effectiveness of different wavelengths of radiation in driving photosynthesis; illuminates chloroplasts with light of different colors and plots wavelength against photosynthetic rate
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| violet-blue and red light (note: green least effective) | show 🗑
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| Engelmann | show 🗑
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| carotenoids | show 🗑
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| photoprotection | show 🗑
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| phytochemicals | show 🗑
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| show | absorption of a photon _____ an electron from the _____ state to the ______ state
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| show | as excited electron fall back to the ground state, photons are given off, making an afterglow
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| show | light-capturing unit located in thylakoid membrane consisting of a reaction-center complex surrounded by numerous light-harvesting complexes
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| reaction-center complex | show 🗑
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| light-harvesting complex | show 🗑
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| show | specialized molecule that shares the reaction-center complex with a pair of chlorophyll a molecules and that accepts an electron from them
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| show | one of the two light-capturing units in a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; 2 molecules of p700 chlorophyll a at its reaction center
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| photosystem I | show 🗑
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| light harvesting complexes | show 🗑
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| show | solar-powered transfer of an electron from the reaction-center chlorophyll a pair ro the primary electron acceptor
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| P680 (note: refers to wavelength that most effectively is absorbed) | show 🗑
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| show | reaction center of chlorophyll a of photosystem I
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| show | occurs during light reaction of photosynthesis; flow of electrons through photosystems and other molecular components built into the thylakoid membrane to synthesize ATP and NADPH
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| show | strongest biological oxidizing agent known
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| plastoquinone, cytochrome complex and plastocyanin | show 🗑
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| linear electron flow | show 🗑
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| show | a route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves only PSI and that produces ATP but not NADPH or O2
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| certain bacterial groups | show 🗑
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| show | photoprotective; protects cells from light-induced damage
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| organic molecules; water | show 🗑
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| chemical energy from food molecules; light energy into chemical energy | show 🗑
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| stroma | show 🗑
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| show | while the ________ is catabolic, oxidizing glucose and using the energy to synthesize ATP; the _______ is anabolic, building carbohydrates from smaller molecules and consuming energy
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| show | carbon enters Calvin cycle in form of _____ and leaves in the form of _______
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| glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) | show 🗑
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| carbon fixation | show 🗑
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| show | most abundant protein in chloroplasts and most abundant protein on earth; catalyzes carbon fixation in Calvin cycle (attaches CO2 to RuBP)
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| transpiration | show 🗑
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| show | a plant that uses the Calvin cycle for the initial steps that incorporate CO2 into organic material, forming a 3-carbon compound (3-phosphoglycerate) as the first stable intermediate
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| C4 plants | show 🗑
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| show | rice, wheat, soybeans; as CO2 becomes scarce within air spaces of leaf, rubisco can bind O2 in place of CO2
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| show | a metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen and ATP, releases CO2 and decreases photosynthetic output; generally occurs on hot, dry, bright days, where stromata close and the oxygen concentration in the leaf exceeds that of CO2
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| show | photorespiration can drain up to ____ of the carbon fixed by the Calvin cycle
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| sugar cane, corn, grass family | show 🗑
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| bundle-sheath cells (note: Calvin cycle is confined to the chloroplasts of these cells) | show 🗑
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| mesophyll cells | show 🗑
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| show | enzyme present in mesophyll cells; adds CO2 to PEP, forming thw 4-carbon product oxaloacetate; has much higher affinity for CO2 than rubsico and no affinity for O2
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| C4 plants | show 🗑
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| show | an adaptation for photosynthesis in arid conditions; plant takes up CO2 and incorporates it into a variety of organic acids at night; during the day, CO2 is released from organic acids for use in the Calvin cycle
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| succulents: cacti, pineapples... | show 🗑
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| CAM plants | show 🗑
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| C4 and CAM | show 🗑
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chloew101