all about Greek theatre
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| Explain ancient Greece | incredibly advanced,educated,perfectly sitauted for trade,indoor plumbing,first olympic games
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| when did Greek Theatre flourish | 440's BC
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| Ancient Greek religion | 1.worshiped different gods
2.each god had a different sphere of influence on the daily lives of the Greeks .
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| Dionysus | God of wine and fertility
son of zeus and Samele
Samele was burnt to death,Zeus saved the embrio and Dionysus was born out of his thigh
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| Maenads | Female followers of Dionysus
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| early Dionysus Rituals | intoxidating with Maenads
started in forests(females only intialy)
music,dancing,drinking,sacrificing goats,sexual activity
very physical and spirtual
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| Later Dionysus Rituals | Got so wild so moved into city which encouraged a more organized approach
focal piont was alter of Dionysus
more citizens of both genders
prepared verses instead of improv
adjusted to base of hillside (more specatators,better view)
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| Dithyramb | a wild choral hymn of ancient Greece, especially one dedicated to Dionysus.
included 50 men ,prizes were awarded for the best ones
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| women in Ancient Greek | were respected but not same as men
excluded in political roles
were legally under control of husbands or fathers
role was to grow economy(kids)
some women had more freedom and could debate with men
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| the Audience | only put on at festivals,citizens duty to attend
was drinking and eating but not sophisticated
violence was punishable
each tribe has sections,women sat separate
central seats in front for judges
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| Masks | masks made of perishable linen,cork,ligh weight wood
performers used masks
masks connected to preformance to the gods
masks used due to size of theatre,as subtle facial features would not been seen
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| standard costumes | a long-sleeved, full-length, highly decorated tunic or chiton
wore himation (short or long cloaks).
worn soft, flexible boot reaching to the calf
Female characters wore breast plate
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| tragedy costumes | long dignifieid chiton(robe)
bright coulors ,stilts used
indecated rank/status
symbolic properies
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| comic costumes | not dignified
chiton was short and tight
padded disfigured bodies
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| satyr costumes | goatskin lioncloth
phallus in front and goat tail behind
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| minor festivals | the rural Dionysia -December
1.showed importnace
2.used to bring happiness and hope for spring
The Lenaia-january
1.jollier affair devoted to Dionysus
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| Major festivals | The city Dionsia- end of March
port reopened and visitors flooded city
beggining of spring when Dionsus power was felt, gave new light to earth
set up 10 months prior
everyone attended
playwrites and poets submitted pieces into competition
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| Comedies | imitation of the worst kind of man
mock society
happy endings
man is ridiculed
burlesque(comically exagerated)
vigours dancing and langauge
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| old comedy (>404) | always topical and fictional (not based on mythology
contemporary times
Toilet humour, insults, jokes about physical handicaps, ugliness, poverty
jokes were NOT made about the plague, the Eleusinian mysteries (very holy), and menstruation.
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| middle comedy(404 – 360 B.C.) | id not allow playwrights the freedom to criticise political leaders
had to move away from social and political subjects and turn to mythology or domestic matters.
very physical in nature
chorus =less important
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| NEW COMEDY (360 B.C. onwards) | not able to touch on politics or social matters; instead they dealt with relationships, finances and love among the Athenian middle classes.
colloquial language
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| Tragedies | elevated themes and diction with unhappy endings
qeustions about human existance
often innocent suffers and evil prospers
serious weighty tone
arouse pity,feel and a catharis experience
based on myth of history
started in middle of story
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| Catharsis | the process of releasing, and thereby providing relief from, strong or repressed emotions.
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| Aristotles outline for writing a play | plot
characters,ideas,music and spectacle
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| Actors | were male ,only 3 per play meaning acted many different characters
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| acting styles | called themselves 'realistic acting'
more exaggerated than today realistic acting
large gestures,acrobatics,use of masks large musical element,dance and chorus
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| the chorus | 12-15 members
had a leader(solo lines sometimes )
usually preformed in a unison but sometimes divided into 2 semi groups
stood on orchestra
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| parados | Opening song
usually be performed in conjunction with dance movements and appropriate actions.
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| exodos | closing song
usually be performed in conjunction with dance movements and appropriate actions.
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| Special effects | macheinery used in ancient greek theatre was high tech
kept inside permanent skene
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| The Machina/Mechane | a crane by which the gods were lowered and lifted onto the skene.
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| The Periactoi | : a three-sided/prismatic pillar put on the left and right side of the skene. As they turned around their axon, they changed the background of the scene.
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| The Ekkyklema | a wheeled-platform on which bodies of dead persons were presented to the audience (murder or a suicide was not allowed to take place in front of the spectators).
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| The koilon /theatron | auditorium of the Greek amphitheatre seating.
At first the spectators simply sat around the orchestra. Later the Greeks started building the koilon (wooden first, then stone). Its shape was semi-circular, built around the orchestra.
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