neuroanatomy of the brain
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| The nervous system has three major functions: | sensory
integration
motor
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| Sensory function of the brain | Collects information from sensory receptors that monitor the body’s internal and external responses.
These signals are passed along to the central nervous system (CNS).
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| Integration function of the brain | Processes sensory signals that reach the CNS.
The signals are evaluated, compared, used for decision making, discarded, or committed to memory.
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| motor function of the brain | Once the CNS evaluates sensory information and decides on an action, efferent neurons are stimulated to affect smooth, cardiac, or skeletal muscle.
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| The nervous system is composed of the _____, _____, _____and the ____ that connect these organs with the rest of the body | brain
spinal cord
sensory organs
nerves
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| brain | composed of approximately 100 billion neurons that serve as the main control center of the body
controls consciousness, memory, planning, and voluntary actions, as well as respiration, heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion.
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| spinal cord | works together with brain to form CNS
carries information from the medulla oblongata of the brain to the lumbar area of the spine where individual nerves called cauda equina exist
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| white matter of spinal cord | sends nerve signals from the brain to the spinal cord
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| grey matter of spinal cord | integrates reflexes to stimuli.
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| sensory organs | eyes, ears, taste buds, and olfactory epithelium that are responsible for sight, smell, taste, and hearing
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| nerves | bundles of axons located in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which act as information highways that carry signals between the brain and spinal cord and rest of the body
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| how many cranial nerves provide direct connection to the brain for the special sense organs? | 12
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| afferent nerves | nerves that carry information from sensory receptors to the CN
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| efferent nerves | nerves that carry information from the CNS to muscles and glands
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| The ______ and the ____ make up the CNS | spinal cord
brain
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| what makes up the PNS | peripheral nerves
12 pairs of cranial nervs
31 pairs of spinal nerves
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| Part of the autonomic nervous system that increases heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure in response to fight-or-flight. | sympathetic system
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| part of the autonomic nervous system that slows the heart rate and begins the process of digestion. | parasympathetic system
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| What is the parasympathetic nervous system’s primary role? Transmits sensory information Controls the fight-or-flight response Increases heart rate and blood pressure Aids digestion and slows the heart rate | Aids digestion and slows the heart rate
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| What is the primary function of the sympathetic nervous system? Controls emotions Transmits sensory information Controls the fight-or-flight response Decreases heart rate and blood pressure | Controls the fight-or-flight response
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| What are the areas of function that are controlled by the nervous system? Select all that apply. Motor Sensory Regulatory Coordination Integration | Motor
Sensory
integration
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| Which area of the brainstem is responsible for vomiting and swallowing? Pons Midbrain Medulla oblongata Reticular formation | Medulla oblongata
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| Which human functions are regulated by the hypothalamus? Select all that apply. Vision Emotions Heart rate Reproduction Temperature Food and water intake | Heart rate
Reproduction
Temperature
Food and water intake
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| Which function does the pyramidal track control? Motivation Metabolism Voluntary movements Speech comprehension | Voluntary movements
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| What is the function of the reticular activating system (RAS)? Helps make dopamine Controls vomiting and swallowing Carries motor information to the cerebellum Allows the brain to ignore meaningless stimuli | Allows the brain to ignore meaningless stimuli
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| Lesions of the cerebellum can produce which effect? Slurred speech Resting tremors Intention tremors Parkinsonian symptoms | Intention tremors
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| Which describe the autonomic nervous system? Select all that apply. Transmits sensory input from brain to spinal cord Part of the PNS that works without conscious effort Divided into CNS and PNS Divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic systems T | Part of the PNS that works without conscious effort
Divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic systems
Transmits info to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands
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| Which area of the nervous system integrates reflexes to stimuli? Cauda equina Medulla oblongata Grey matter of spinal cord White matter of spinal cord | Grey matter of spinal cord
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| Which nerves carry information from the CNS to muscles and glands? Axon Cranial Efferent Afferent | Efferent
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