Civil War Vocab
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| Sectionalism | the intense loyalty to one's own region or section of the country, rather than to the country as a whole
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| Fugitive | an enslaved person who had escaped from their owner.
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| Secede | to formally withdraw or separate from a political union
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| Abstain | to choose not to do or have something
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| Popular Sovereignty | the principle that residents of a territory, not the federal government, should decide whether or not to permit slavery within their borders
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| Border ruffians | proslavery Missourians who crossed into Kansas Territory, primarily between 1854 and 1860, to influence elections and force slavery on the territory
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| Arsenal | a place where weapons and military equipment were stored or manufactured
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| Secession | the act of eleven Southern states withdrawing from the Union, primarily due to the issue of slavery and states' rights, and forming their own government, the Confederate States of America
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| States rights | slave-holding states that remained loyal to the Union despite their proximity to the Confederacy
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| Border state | slave-holding states that remained loyal to the Union despite their proximity to the Confederacy
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| Blockade | a military strategy where one party, typically a nation, restricts the entry of goods or the exit of people and goods from a defined area, most often a port or coast controlled by an enemy
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| Offensive | a military operation involving an aggressive push by armed forces to achieve a goal, like occupying territory, gaining an objective, or winning a battle.
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| Rebel | primarily refers to the people, especially soldiers, fighting for the Confederate States of America
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| Yankee | a soldier or civilian from the Union (northern) side of the conflict
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| Blockade runner | a warship with a wooden hull covered in iron or steel armor plates
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| Ironclad | a warship with a wooden hull covered in iron or steel armor plates
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| Casualty | a military person lost through death, wounds, injury, sickness, internment, capture, or through being missing in action
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| Emancipate | the act of freeing enslaved people from bondage
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| Ratify | the process by which the U.S. Constitution was amended following the war, particularly the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments
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| Habeas corpus | the right of any person to appear before a court to ensure their detention is lawful
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| Draft | the conscription laws implemented by both the Union and Confederate governments to raise troops for the war effort
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| Bounty | program of cash bonuses paid to entice enlistees into the army
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| Greenback | the paper currency issued by the Union government to finance the war effort
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| Inflation | the depreciation of the currency, particularly the paper money issued by both the Union and Confederacy to finance the war
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| Entrenched | a military position that is fortified by digging trenches or other earthworks for defense
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| Total war | a military position that is fortified by digging trenches or other earthworks for defense
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