Sociology

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Term

Definition

Charles Horton Cooley would classify a close friendship group as a __________ group.

primary

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A process by which organizations face the same conditions, and ultimately tend to end up like each other, is known as

isomorphism

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Building on Stanley Milgram's study on social networks, researchers have found that

approximately half of the people in the world are connected to each other through no more than six steps.

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When your professor arrives to class and the students go from chatting in a bunch of small clusters to quietly paying attention to the professor at the front of the room, the situation has switched from being __________ to being __________.

multifocal; unifocal

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Which of the following is true for both dyads and triads, according to Simmel?

Membership is voluntary.

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A person who tries to drive a wedge between the other two people in a triad is termed by Georg Simmel as

divide and conquer.

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Georg Simmel describes three basic forms of political relations a third party can assume when joining a dyad. Simmel discussed a third party who

benefits from conflict.

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The most important difference between primary and secondary groups has to do with

the degree of intimacy or instrumentality that people experience in these groups.

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What appears to be the main reason for the success of Amish businesses when compared to other US businesses?

The Amish live by prioritizing the community and its social capital rather than rugged individualism.

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Jennifer goes out at night with a spray can and writes on a stop sign. She successfully vandalizes for the first time. Labeling theorists would call this __________ deviance.

primary

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Labeling theory focuses on

the social process through which people become deviants.

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In the United States, the focus on punishment rather than rehabilitation in criminal justice policy has led to an era of what sociologists call

mass incarceration.

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Trish works as a customer service specialist for a large company that does a lot of business online. For the last few months she has been stealing credit card numbers and selling them on the dark web. This is an example of __ crime.

white-collar

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Prisons and military boot camps are examples of what Erving Goffman calls

total institutions.

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Although deviant behavior can be threatening and damaging, paradoxically it also

strengthens society by exercising mechanisms that preserve cohesion.

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When people in a society form social bonds and relate to each other on a daily basis, the society is said to exhibit

social cohesion.

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After a student drops out of high school, he becomes labeled a "dropout," and his subsequent actions and choices are explained in terms of this label. Those subsequent actions are called

secondary deviance.

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According to Émile Durkheim's research, what is the primary reason that Protestants are more likely to commit suicide than Catholics and Jews?

Protestantism is based on the individual, which creates less social integration.

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Created by: Wpebworth16