dental terminology
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| Angle’s classification | system developed by Dr. Edward H. Angle to describe and classify occlusion and malocclusion
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| anterior | toward the front
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| apical third | division of the root nearest the tip of the root
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| buccal surface | tooth surface closest to the inner cheek
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| buccolingual division | lengthwise division of the crown in a labial or buccolingual direction, consisting of the facial or buccal/labial third, middle third, and lingual third
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| centric occlusion | maximum contact between the occluding surfaces of the maxillary and mandibular teeth
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| cervical third | division of the root nearest the neck of the tooth
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| concave | curved inward
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| contact area | area of the mesial or distal surface of a tooth that touches the adjacent tooth in the same arch
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| convex | curved outward
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| curve of Spee | curvature formed by the maxillary and mandibular arches in occlusion
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| curve of Wilson | cross-arch curvature of the occlusal plane
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| deciduous (duh-SID-yoo-us) | pertaining to the first dentition of 20 teeth; often called “baby teeth” or primary teeth
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| dentition (den-TI-shun) | natural teeth in the dental arch
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| distal surface | the surface of the tooth distant or away from the midline
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| distoclusion (DIS-toe-kloo-shun) | class II malocclusion in which the mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar occludes mesial to the mesiobuccal groove of the mandibular first molar
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| embrasure (em-BRAY-zhur) | triangular space in a gingival direction between the proximal surfaces of two adjoining teeth in contact
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| facial surface | tooth surface closest to the face. Facial surfaces closest to the lips are called labial surfaces, and facial surfaces closest to the inner cheek are the buccal surfaces; therefore, the term facial can be substituted for labial and buccal, and vice versa
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| functional occlusion | contact of the teeth during biting and chewing movements
incisal surface the chewing surface of anterior teeth
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| interproximal (in-tur-PROK-si-mul) space | the space between adjacent tooth surfaces
labioversion the inclination of the teeth to extend facially beyond the normal overlap of the incisal edge of the maxillary incisors over the mandibular incisors
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| line angle | junction of two tooth surface walls
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| lingual surface | the surface of mandibular and maxillary teeth closest to the tongue; also called palatal surface
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| linguoversion | position in which the maxillary incisors are behind the mandibular incisors
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| malocclusion (MAL-o-kloo-zhun) | occlusion that is deviated from a class I normal occlusion
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| mandibular (man-DIB-you-ler) arch | lower jaw
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| maxillary (MAK-si-lar-ee) arch | upper jaw
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| mesial surface | the surface of the tooth toward the midline
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| mesioclusion (MEE-zee-oe-kloo-zhun) | term used for class III malocclusion
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| mesiodistal division | lengthwise division of the crown in a mesiodistal (front-to-back) direction, consisting of the mesial third, middle third, and distal third
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| middle third | division of the root in the middle
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| mixed dentition | a mixture of permanent teeth and primary teeth that occurs until all primary teeth become lost, usually between ages 6 and 12
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| Nasmyth’s membrane | residue from epithelial tissue on the crowns of newly erupted teeth that may become extrinsically stained
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| neutroclusion | ideal mesiodistal relationship between the jaws and the dental arches
occlusal surface the chewing surface of posterior teeth
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| occlusion (oe-KLOO-zhun) | natural contact of the maxillary and mandibular teeth in all positions
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| occlusocervical division | crosswise division of the crown that is parallel to the occlusal or incisal surface, consisting of the occlusal third, middle third, and cervical third
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| permanent dentition | set of 32 secondary teeth
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| point angle | the angle formed by the junction of three surfaces
posterior toward the back
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| primary dentition | first set of 20 primary teeth
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| proximal surfaces | surfaces next to each other when teeth are adjacent in the arch
quadrant one quarter of the dentition
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| sextant | one sixth of the dentition
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| succedaneous (suk-se-DAY-nee-us) teeth | permanent teeth that replace primary teeth
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| Facial surface | the term for the surface of anterior teeth facing the lips. The facial surfaces are also referred to as labial surfaces. Buccal surfaces are the facial surfaces of posterior teeth closest to the inner cheek.
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| Lingual surface | the surface on all mandibular and maxillary teeth facing the tongue. The lingual surface of maxillary teeth also may be referred to as the palatal surface because that surface is near the palate.
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| Incisal surface (or incisal edge) | the chewing surface of anterior teeth. Occlusal surface is the chewing surface on posterior teeth.
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| Mesial surface | a proximal surface of a tooth that is facing toward the midline or front of the mouth.
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| Distal surface | a proximal surface of a tooth that is facing away from the midline or towards the back of the mouth.
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| bicanineate | two-cusp type of mandibular second premolar
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| bifurcated | divided into two
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| bifurcation | area in which two roots divide
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| canine eminence (EM-i-nens) | external vertical bony ridge on the labial surface of the canines
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| central groove | most prominent developmental groove on the posterior teeth
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| cingulum (SING-gyoo-lum) | raised, rounded area on the cervical third of the lingual surface
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| cusp | major elevation on the masticatory surfaces of canines and posterior teeth
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| cusp of Carabelli | fifth supplemental cusp found lingual to the mesiolingual cusp
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| diastema (dye-uh-STEE-muh) | space or gap between two teeth
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| fossa (FOS-ah, FAW-seh) | wide, shallow depression on the lingual surfaces of anterior teeth
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| furcation (fur-KAY-shun) | area between two or more root branches
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| imbrication (im-bri-KAY-shun) lines | slight ridges that run mesiodistally in the cervical third of the teeth
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| incisal edge | ridge on permanent incisors that appears flattened on labial, lingual, or incisal view after tooth eruption
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| inclined cuspal planes | sloping areas between the cusp ridges
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| mamelon (MAM-uh-lon) | rounded enamel extension on the incisal ridges of incisors
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| marginal groove | developmental groove that crosses a marginal ridge and serves as a spillway, allowing food to escape during mastication
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| marginal ridge | rounded, raised border on the mesial and distal portions of the lingual surfaces of anterior teeth and the occlusal table of posterior teeth.
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| molars | teeth located in the posterior aspect of the upper and lower jaws
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| morphology (mor-FOL-uh-jee) | study of form and shape, as of the teeth
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| nonsuccedaneous (non-suk-se-DAY-nee-us) | pertaining to a permanent tooth that does not replace a primary tooth
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| pegged laterals | incisors with a pointed or tapered shape
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| succedaneous (suk-se-DAY-nee-us) | permanent teeth that replace primary teeth
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| triangular groove | developmental groove that separates a marginal ridge from the triangular ridge of a cusp
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| tricanineate | three-cusp type of mandibular second premolar
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| trifurcated | divided into three
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| trifurcation | area in which three roots divide
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