FSU OCE 1001

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Match the organism with its correct descriptor of energy use. Use each choice once, more than once, or not at all. Question Selected Match cyanobacteria A. producer bacteria C. decomposer flounder B. consumer kelp A. producer Sargassum starfish

ACBAAB

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The by products of photosynthesis are CO2 AND H20

False

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Bacteria that manufacture carbohydrates from inorganic carbon in the absence of solar energy are autotrophs

True

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Net primary production can be estimated as the amount of photosynthesis plus the amount of respiration.

False

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The group of marine macro algae with the highest abundance and greatest geographic distribution belong to the Division Rhodophyta.

True

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Most marine macro algae are limited to depths above 100 meters; red algae have been observed growing at depths of over 250 meters.

True

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Diatoms are classified as members of the Division Chlorophyta.

False

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Marine algae that grow close to the limits of light penetration have accessory photosynthetic pigments that absorb high energy, short-wavelength light in the blue region of the electromagnetic spectrum.

True

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Eutrophication results in an overabundance of organic matter.

True

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Tropical marine waters have the highest rate of primary productivity in the world's oceans

False

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Energy flow is unidirectional in contrast to nutrients, which cycle in ecosystems

True

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If the total caloric content of the autotrophic organisms in a marine ecosystem were 250,000 KCAL, then the expected caloric value for the second-level consumers would be 25,000 KCAL.

False

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Consumers, producers, and decomposers are all examples of categories of organisms within an ecosystem.

True

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In primary production:

There is a net gain in organic carbon

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Bacteria that make their own carbohydrates by obtaining energy from chemical compounds and not directly from the sun are:

Chemosynthetic Bacteria

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Net primary productivity is:

A and B

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The nutrients that tend to limit photosynthesis in marine environments include:

B and C

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The depth at which the cellular respiration rate equals the photosynthetic rate is referred to as the:

Compensation depth for photosynthesis

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The most abundant marine macro algae are members of the Division:

Rhodophyta

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Diatoms, important producers in the epipelagic open ocean, are members of the Division:

Chrysophyta

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The organism that is responsible for red tides and paralytic shellfish poisoning belongs to the Division:

Pyrrophyta

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Important marine autotrophs that have SiO2 incorporated in the cell walls are:

Diatoms

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Marine flowering plants include all of the following except:

Ulva

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Overproduction of organic matter resulting in anoxic conditions is attributed to:

Eurotrophication

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Harmful algal blooms (HABs):

May produce toxins that affect human neurological functioning

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Eutrophication is a type of pollution caused by increased:

Inorganic Nutrient Input

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The relative productivity in the world's oceans from most productive to least productive is:

polar waters, temperate waters, tropical waters.

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In temperate oceans during the winter months:

nutrient concentrations are high, solar input is low, and water temperatures decrease.

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In temperate oceans during the summer months:

nutrient concentrations are low, solar input is high, and oxygen solubility decreases.

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Although primary productivity in tropical areas is generally low, which of the following tropical locations have relatively high primary productivity rates?

All of the above tropical areas have relatively high primary productivity.

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An area of the open ocean where the rate of primary productivity is very low is referred to as a(n):

Oligotrphic area

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Productivity in polar oceans is:

Light limited

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Productivity in tropical oceans is:

Nutrient limited

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If 10,000 KCAL of energy were contained in the primary producers, on average how many KCAL of energy would you expect to be transferred to third-order consumers?

10KCAL

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Nutrient flow in an ecosystem is:

Cyclic

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Energy flow in an ecosystem is:

Unidirectional

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The efficiency of trophic transfers in ecosystems is on average around:

10%

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Which of the following pairs is an incorrect match between organisms and the type of symbiotic relationship they manifest?

Whale-barnacle-mutualism

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The percentage of biomass regularly recycled in the euphotic zone is about:

90%

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The percentage of euphotic zone biomass that reaches the deep ocean floor is approximately:

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A symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected is:

Commensalism

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The relationship between cyanobacteria and fungi that results in a lichen is an example of:

Mutualism

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The maximum sustainable yield (MSY) is best defined as:

Largest catch without overfishing

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The area of the ocean that produces the largest standing stock of commercial fish is in the:

continental shelves

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The term bycatch refers to:

non-target species that are caught along with commercial species.

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All the following are effective means of regulating fisheries except:

Limiting the size of the boat.

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Catches above the maximum sustainable yield:

Result in overfishing

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Purse seines are nets that

Surround and trap fishes

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The mass present at a given time of a population of fish is called its

standing stock

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Blue Whale, Bottlenose Dolphin, Dugong, fur seal, gray whale, killer whale, manatee, sea lion, sperm whale, walrus

B D C A B D C A D A

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Blue marlin, Bluefin Tuna, Flounder, Gray Angelfish, Herring, Queen Angel, Salmon, Silvertip Shark, Tiger Shark, Yellowtail Snapper

D D B A C B A E E C

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Strategies for staying afloat in pelagic environments include air bladder, increased body fat, and increased density.

False

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Sharks have lunate caudal fins

False

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Some fish maintain body temperatures significantly higher than the surrounding water using a modified circulatory countercurrent heat exchange system between muscle and blood vessels

True

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Muscle segments used in locomotion and found along the sides of fish are called myomeres

True

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Red Muscle Fiber is abundant in cruisers, while white muscle fiber is abundant in lungers

True

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We currently believe that all marine mammals evolved from land dwelling mammals

True

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One adaptation for deep diving is an increase in heart rate during the dive

False

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Many cetaceans can extract 90% of the oxygen from each breath

True

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The mysteceti whales include the humpback, the gray, and the sperm whales

False

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The california gray whale is unusual because it stirs up sediment in order to feed

True

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The migration routes of marine fishes and mammals are well known by man

False

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All of the following are adaptations to life in the epipelagic zone except

Increased density

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Which of the following is a member of the phylum Cridaria

Jellyfish

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Identify the mismatched pair

Squid-Chordata

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Which fins are used for turning and breaking

Pectoral and Pelvic

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Which fins are used as stabilizers?

Anal and Dorsal

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The shape of the caudal fin of a shark is referred to as

Heterocercal

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The caudal fin of fast-cruisin fish such as tuna is

Lunate

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The body shape among fishes varies greatly in accordance with habitat and life-style. A torpedo shaped body is found in

Fast swimming fishes

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Which of the following is not an adaptation of deep diving Cetaceans

Blood flow is shifted from the brain to the extremities

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A modified circulatory system in tuna helps it

All of the above

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All of the following are adaptations of mesopelagic fishes except

Large Body

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Bioluminescence is employed by mesopelagic animals for all of the following except

Warning coloration

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Which of the following affect the ability of species to capture food

All of the above

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An example of a cruiser is a

Tuna

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The muscle tissue of a lunger predominantly

White

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The speed of a fish is closely related to it's

length

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Cruisers often have relatively high body temperature

it increases the power output muscle tissue

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All the following are baleen whales except

Sperm whales

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Identify the mismatched pair

Manatee Cetacea

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Sea lions are easily distinguised from seals because they

Have external ears

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Gray whales migrate every year to

Mate and give birth in the tropics during winter

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Word analysis

Copepod

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Word analysis

Ventral

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Word Analysis

Collapsible ribs

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Word Analysis

Killer

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Acorn barnacle Asterias Buckshot fucus

A B E C A A D F G A D C D D D

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The supralittoral zone of the rocky shore is the area between the highest high tide and the lowest low tide

False

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Limpets are commonly found in the middle portion of the intertidal zone on a rocky shore

False

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Fiddler crabs are commonly found inhabitants of tide pools

True

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Faunal zonation across a sediment covered shore is best seen when the shore is gently sloping

False

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Species diversity is highest in coral reef communities

True

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Coral reefs contain almost 1/3 of marine fish species

True

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The eastern side of an ocean basin tends to have greater diversity of reef building corals than the western side

False

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Coral reefs contain more algal biomass than animal biomass

True

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The increase in the number of crown of thorn sea stars has been linked to human activities

False

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Temperature of ocean water has a significant affect on species diversity of benthic communities

True

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Benthic diversity decreases at higher latitudes

True

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Zooxanthellae are important members of hydrothermal vent communities

False

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One characteristic of hydrothermal vent communities is unusually large organisms such as tubeworms and clams

True

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Hypersaline sepp communities rely on photosynthesis

False

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All of the following are examples of strategies employed by organisms to survive wave shok in the rocky intertidal zone except

Motile Larvae

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The most important limiting factor for the number of organisms in the rocky middle tidal zone is

Space

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A common inhabitant of the supralittoral zone on the rocky shores of the pacific northwest is the

Periwinkle snail

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Two dominant organisms of the rocky shore found high on the rocks of the intertidal zone are

Buckshot Barnacle and rockweed

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Two frequent inhabitants of a rocky coast tide pools are

Sea anemone and hermit crab

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Two dominant organisms commonly found at mid water levels of the rocky intertidal zone are

Goose barnacle and mussel

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Some organisms living in the high water portion of the intertidal zone cannot survive in the suprelittoral zone because they

Cannot tolerate desiccation

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The low water portion of the rocky intertidal zone is dominated by

Seaweeds and surf grasses

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Male fiddler crabs use their enlarged claw to

Attract a mate

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Which of the following marine habitats the lowest species diversity

Mud Flat

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The most successful adaptation for living on a sediment covered shore is

Burrowing into the sediment

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The depth to which a bivalve can bury itself depends the

Length of the respiratory structure

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The common annelid found in a sandy beach environment is the

Lugworm

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Organisms that live in the spaces between sediment particles are called

Meiofauna

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The sublittoral rock bottom zone is dominated by

Kelp

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Oysters prefer

Clean moving water

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Which of the following factors does not limit coral growth

High concentrations of calcium carbonate in the water

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Eutrophication is detrimental to coral growth because it increases the

Amount of inorganic nutrients in the water that stimulates excessive algal growth

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Zoocanthellae are autotrophic marine protists that are found in the living tissues of some simple marine invertebrates such as corals sea anemones and jellyfish zooxanthellae are members of the

Division Dinoflagellata

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The relationship between the protistan zooxanthellae and the polyps of reef building corals is best described as a

Obligate mutalistic endosymbiosis

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Corals with delicate growth patterns are usually found on

the reef slope

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The buttress zone of a coral is likely to have which variety of coral

Massive branching corals

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Which of the following is a threat to coral reef survival

All of the above

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The loss of color in coral reef organisms is caused by

Loss of zooxanthellae

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The distribution of benthic biomass is related to

Surface productivity

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Primary producers in hydrothermal vent communities are

Sulfur oxidizing bacteria

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The three varieties on the seafloor include hypersaline, hydrocarbon and

Subduction zone seeps

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Subduction zone seeps support communities from

Methane rich waters

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Most of the hydrothermal vents and coolwater seeps on the seafloor were discovered during

1980s

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Hydrocarbon seeps have been discovered in the

Gulf of mexico

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All of the following are associated with

Very high temperature

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