us gov and po unit 4
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| core values | include individualism, equal oppurtunity, free enterprise, and rule of law
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| individualism | each person has the ability to shape their life and destiny through the choices they make
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| equal opportunity | all people are given an equal chance to compete
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| free enterprise | the market determines prices, prodcuts, and services
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| rule of law | every person, even those in power, must follow and is accountable to the same laws that govern all
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| political socialization | the process by which individuals develop political beliefs, value, opinions, and behaviors (family, school, peers, media, and social enviorment) contribute to the development of an individuals political attitudes and values
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| US political culture | its democratic ideals, principles, and core values
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| globalization | the process of interaction and intergration among people, companies, and goverment worldwide-us political culture has both influenced and been influenced by other countries
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| political ideology | a set of political ideas and beliefs on how society should fucntion in achieving and prioritizing goals and methods, influenced by by generational effects and life cycle effects, political events, political socialization
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| generational effect | experiences shared by people of a commmon age
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| life cycle effects | experiences a person encounters during different life stages
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| scientific poll | a human reaserch study of public opinion using statistical information to randomly select repersentative respondents and obtain timely results through unbias questioning
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| public opinion poll | measuring public opinion on varios issues
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| benchmark poll | creating baseline veiws of a canidate
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| tracking poll | follows how veiws of a canidate change during a campaign
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| exit poll | collecting data on why people voted the way they did
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| polling methodology | more precise when it includes, 1.accurate sampling methods, margin of error 2 neutral framing of questions (specific and unbias wording) 3 accurate reporting and conculsions that clearly are supported by data
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| public opinion | collective opinion on a topic or issue or coting intention relavent to society
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| democratic party | a major political party that generally aligns more closely to liberal ideological positions; D or Dem
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| liberalism | more goverment regulation in marketplace, more national goverement involvment to adress some social issues such as education and public health, less responsibility for these issues left to state govrements
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| republican party | a major political party that generally aligns more closely to conservative ideological positions, R or GOP
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| conservatism | fewer regulations in the marketplace, less national goverment involvment to adress social issues like education and healthcare, more responsibility for these issues left to state goverments
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| libertariansim | favor little or no regulation of the marketplace beyond the protection of property rights and volyntary trade, little national or state goverment involvement exept when goverment is protecting private property or individual libery
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| demographics | statistical data that describe a population, including characteristics such as age, race, gender, income level, education level, and more
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| entrance poll | poll taken before voters have cast votes, asking who or what they plan to vote for
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| poling universe | the set of people that a particular poll iis meant to repersent
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| random sample | a type of sampling where people are randomly selected
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| repersentative sample | a sample where all demographics of the population are repersented
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| mass survey | a way to measure public opinion by interveiwing a large sample of the population
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| focus group | a group of people assembled to talk about a certian issue
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| sampling error | error in a statistical analysis arising from the unrepersentaticeness of the sample taken
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| reliability of data | the completeness and accuracy of data as a measure of how well it can be counted on to be consistent and true
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| veracity of data | accuracy, reliability, and trustworthiness of data
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| political spectrum | a model of classifying political actors, parties, or ideologies along one or more axes that compare them
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| moderate | votors who advocate for neither left extreme or right extreme politics
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| political polarization | the divergence of political attitudes to ideological extremes
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| regulation of marketplace | regulation over goverment bodies, industry, or labor groups exert a level of oversight and control
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| property rights | a form of legal ownership that allows the owner of a property to do anything they like with
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| voluntary trade | free and unregulated exchange of goods and services
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| Tocqueville on American democracy | Abundant and fertile soil for democracy to grow
no feudal aristocracy; mimal taxes; few legal restraints
Westward movement; vast teritory provided opportunities
Nation of smal, indpdent farmers
Moral and intellectual characteristics, political culture
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| political culture | Defined as a distinctive and patterned way of thinking about how political and economic life ought to be carried out (e.g. stronger American belief in political than in economic equality)
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| elements of american political system | libery, democracy, equality, civic duty
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| libery | being free within society from oppressive restrictions imposed by authority or ones wat of life behavuor or political veiws
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| democracy | system of govermetn in which power is vested in the people and exersised by them directly or through freely elected officials
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| civic duty | a responibility that citizens have to perform as part of their role in society
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| the economic system | 1. Americans support free enterprise but see limits on marketplace freedom
2. Americans prefer equality of opportunity to equality of result; individualist view
3. Americans have a shared commitment to economic individualism/self-reliance
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| americans | a. Tend to assert rights
b. Emphasize individualism, competition, equality, following rules, treating others fairly (compare with the Japanese)
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| comparing citizens | 4. Cultural differences affect political and economic systems
5. Danger of overgeneralizing: many diverse groups within a culture
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| us citizens | a. Stronger sense of civic duty, civic competence
b. Institutional confidence
c. Sense of patriotism
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| civil role of religion | 1. Americans are highly religious compared with Europeans
2. Recent trends in religiosity
3. Putnam's "bowling alone" thesis
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| religion and politics | 1. Religious movements transformed American politics and fueled the break with England.
2. Both liberals and conservatives use the pulpit to promote political change.
3. Bush, Gore and public support for faith based approaches to social ills
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| historic roots of political culture | Revolution / liberty; aserting rightsAdversarial culture the result of distrust of authority&a belief that human nature is depravedFederalist-Jefersonian transition 1800 legitimated the role of the opposition party; liberty &political change coexist
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| legal socialogical factors | 1. Widespread participation permitted by Constitution2. Absence of an established national religion
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| absense of esablished national religion | Religious diversity a source of cleavage
Absence of established religion facilitated the absence of political orthodoxy
Puritan heritage (dominant one) stress on personal achievement
Miniature political systems produced by churches' organization
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| five funcitons of political parties | nominate candidates
-inflence policies
-unite the government
-create balance
-inform citizens
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| 38. Define partisanship in six words or less. | Prejudice (bias) favoring particular causes
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Created by:
MirellaL