Micro Chapter 5 KC
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| 1. An ideal antiviral drug would be one that ________. | prevents viral diseases
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| 2. What is the rationale for providing intravenous fluids and oxygen support for this patient? | measures are supportive therapies while disease runs it's course
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| 3. The polio vaccine currently used in the United States, the Salk vaccine, consists of polioviruses that have been treated with chemicals so that they can no longer reproduce within host cells and thus cannot establish an infection. They are referred to as _______, rather than dead, viruses. | inactive
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| 4. HPV can cause cellular changes that lead to the development of cervical cancer. The virus is said to cause transformation as it changes the growth rate and properties of the host cells. Because of this, HPV can be referred to as a(n) ________ virus. | oncogenic
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| 5. How does Reverse transcriptase synthesis work? | DNA; RNA
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| 6. How does The envelope of enveloped viruses work? |
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| 7. What occurs during assembly of an enveloped virus? | A nucleocapsid is formed + viral skies insert in host cell membrane
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| 8. Satellite viruses are ________. | dependent on other viruses for replication
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| 9. The development of antiviral drug therapy is difficult because ________. | It's hard to find drugs that will affect viruses w/o damaging host cells
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| 10. Discuss the structure and function of viral spikes? | They are coded for the host genome
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| 11. Describe the role of viral surface proteins or spikes. | provide means of attachment to most cell surface
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| 12. A viral infection in which the virus can remain latent in the host cell for weeks to years is described as a(n) _________ infection, and may lead to cancer if host DNA is altered. | persistent
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| 13. Choose the primary reason why it is more difficult to design antiviral drugs than antibacterial drugs. | Antiviral drugs often must target host cell functions which result in side effects in the host
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| 14. Host cells of viruses include ________. | humans and other animals
plants and fungi
bacteria
protozoa and algae
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| 15. Describe the role, structure and characteristics of Viruses ________. | definite shape, genes, the ability to infect host cells, ultramicroscopic size, cannot be seen in a light microscope, are prokaryotes, contain 70S ribosomes, & undergo binary fission.
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| 16. Helical and icosahedral are terms used to describe the shapes of a virus ______. | capsid
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| 17. A(n) _______ is the protein shell around the nucleic acid core of a virus. | capsid
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| 18. A naked virus has only a(n) _____. | nucleocapsid
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| 19. Know the characteristics of virus envelopes and viral spikes ________. | Virus envelopes- gained as a virus leaves the host cell membrane, comprised primarily of lipids, contain special virus proteins, helps the virus particle, attach to host cells. Virus spikes- present on all viruses, block attachment between virus and host, & are derived from host proteins.
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| 20. The core of every virus particle always contains _____. | either DNA or RNA
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| 21. Viruses acquire envelopes around their nucleocapsids during _____. | release
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| 22. In general, most DNA viruses multiply in the host cell's _______, while most RNA viruses multiply in the host cell's _______. | nucleus; cytoplasm
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| 23. Host range is limited by ________. | type of host cell receptors on cell membrane
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| 24. Viral tissue specificities are called _____. | tropisms
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| 25. The process of dissolving the envelope and capsid to release the viral nucleic acid is _______. | tropisms
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| 26. Mammalian viruses capable of starting tumors are _____. | oncoviruses
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| 27. Persistent viruses that can reactivate periodically are _____. | chronic latent viruses
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| 28. New, nonenveloped virus release occurs by _____. | lysis
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| 29. What structures are used by bacteriophages to attach to host cell receptors? | Tail fibers
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| 30. Viruses that cause infection resulting in alternating periods of activity with symptoms and inactivity without symptoms are called _____. | latent
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| 31. Uncoating of viral nucleic acid ________. | does not occur in bacteriophage multiplication involves enzymatic destruction of the capsid releases viral nucleic acid into the cell occurs before replication All of the choices are correct
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| 32. Viruses that infect bacteria are specifically called _______. | bacteriophages
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| 33. Visible, clear, well-defined patches in a monolayer of virus-infected cells in a | plaques
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| 34. Infectious protein particles are called _______. | prions
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| 35. Infectious naked strands of RNA that affect plants are called _____. | viroids
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| 36. Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease is ________. | a spongiform encephalopathy of humans
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| 37. Choose the term that describes a virus that has a membranous outer covering over its capsid, partially derived from a host cell. | enveloped virus
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