revision for mid year exam
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Wave | > transmission of energy through periodic oscillations, w/o a net transfer of matter.
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| Mechanical Wave | > waves or oscillation of physical matter.
eg. water, seismic, sound waves
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| Electromagnetic Wave | > oscillations of the electromagnetic and magnetic fields, commonly referred to as light.
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| Transeverse Wave | > perpendicular to the direction of the wave propagation.
eg. electromagnetic waves, water waves
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| Longitudinal Wave | > parallel to the direction of wave propagation.
eg. sound waves, P waves in earthquake.
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| Properties of wave | > amplitude, wavelength, period, frequency.
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| Electromagnetic radiation | > the sun emits electromagnetic radiation across a wide range of frequencies.
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| Electromagnetic spectrum | > when a charge accelerates, changes velocity, it produces electromagnetic radiation.
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| Black body | > an object that radiates energy but does not reflect it.
eg. the SUN.
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| Diffraction | > spreading out of a wave due to passing through a gap or around an object.
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| Dispersion of white light | > The seperation of light into component colours due to refraction (different frequencies refract by different amounts.)
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| Mirages | > light refrcts & totally internall reflects to create mirages.
- light move fast = hotter air
- light move slow = cold air
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| Optical fibres | > utilise total internal reflection to make use of light for communication.
- inner cladding has a higher refractive index compared to the outer cladding in order for total internal reflection.
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| Refraction | > a change in direction of a wave at a boundary due to a change in speed.
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| Refractive index | > a measure of the relative speed of light through a medium compared to a vaccuum.
- greater refractive index = slower light will travel.
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| Snell's Law | > mathematical relationship between the angle of the incident and refractive ray when measured to the normal.
n1 sin(θ1) = n2 sin(θ2) and n1v1 = n2v2
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| Total internal reflection | > occurs when the angle of incidence predicts a refracted angle greater than 90 degrees.
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| Critical angle | > the angle of incidence at which the refracted angle is 90°
- beyond this angle, total internal reflection occurs.
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| Temperature | > the measure of averaget translational kinetic energy of particles within a substance.
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| Heat | > transfer of thermal energy.
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| Conduction | > transfer of heat through collision.
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| Convection | > transfer of heat through mixing of fluids.
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| Radiation | > transfer of heat due to emission and absorption of electromagnetic radiation.
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| Specific Heat Capacity | > the amount of energy (Joules), you need to heat up 1 kilogram of a substance by 1 degree.
- change in temp.
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| Latent heat | > energy required to change the state of 1 kg of a material without a change in temperature.
- change in phase.
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| Kelvin and Celsius | > Kelvin = Celsius + 273.15
> Celsius = Kelvin - 273.15
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| Wien's Law | > temperature of a black body increases = the wavelength of greatest emitted intensity decreases.
- hotter star = peak wavelength decreases = frequency increases = colour change
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| Effect of temperature on emitted energy | > hotter objects emit more radiation at all wavelengths BUT proportions differ.
- higher frequency radiation = more energetic.
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| Half life | > the time it takes for half of a radioactive sample to decay.
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| Alpha decay | > unstable nucleus decays into a more stable nucleus by emitting an alpha particle (basically just a helium atom).
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| Beta minus decay | > unstable nucleus decays into a more stable nucleus by transforming a neutron into a proton and an antineutrino.
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| Beta plus decay | > unstable nucleus decays into a more stable nucleus by transforming a proton into a neutron and emitting a positron and a neutrino.
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| Gamma decay | > process by which an excited nucleus decays into a more stable nucleus by emitting energy in the form of gamma rays.
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| Conservation of mass/energy in Nuclear Physics | > anything with mass has an inherent energy proportional to its mass. this relationship reveals that there is a tremendous amount of energy contained in small amounts of mass. this also means that when energy is added, its mass increases.
- E = mc^2
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| Mass defect | > the difference in mass between a nucleus and its constituent nucleons.
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| Fusion | > forcing several smaller nuclei together to form a single larger nucleus.
- the reactant nucleus must be forced together where the strong force overcomes the electrostatic forces, very high temps, immense pressure.
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| Fission | > splitting a single nucleus into several smaller nuclei.
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| Quark |
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| Nucleons |
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| Strong force |
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| Weak force |
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| Absorbed dose |
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| Effective dose |
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| Equivalent dose |
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| Ionising impact |
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| Tissue weighting factor |
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| Binding energy |
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| Control rod |
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| Neutron moderators |
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| Neutron multiplication factor |
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| Criticality |
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| Subcriticality |
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| Supercriticality |
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| Fissile |
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| Voltage |
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| Current |
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| Resistance |
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| Charge |
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| Electric PotentialEnergy |
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| Ohm's Law |
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| Voltage divide |
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| Diode |
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| LED (light emitting diode) |
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| Potentiometer |
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| Transducer |
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| Thermistor |
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| LDR (light dependent resistor) |
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| Variable resistor |
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| Ohmic devices |
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| Non-ohmic devices |
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| Power(formulas) |
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| Watt |
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| kW (kilo Watt) |
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| kWh (kilo Watt hour) |
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| Direct Current (DC) |
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| Alternating Current (AC) |
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| Fuses |
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| Circuit Breakers |
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| Residual current devices (RCD) |
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| Earth wire |
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Created by:
yaannica
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