Elections & Campaigns, Political Parties, Interest Groups & Social Movements, Me
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| Political Participation | Different ways individuals take action to shape the laws & policies of government.
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| Political Action Committee | Organization raising money to elect & defeat candidates & may donate money directly to a candidate's campaign, subject it limits.
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| Linkage Institution | Channels connecting individuals with government including elections, political parties, interest groups, & the media.
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| Social Movement | Individuals join government through elections, political parties, interest groups, & the media.
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| Franchise or Suffrage | The right to vote.
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| Twenty-Sixth Amendment | Allows those 18 years or older to vote.
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| Twenty-Fourth Amendment | Prohibits Congress & states from imposing poll taxes as a voting condition in federal elections.
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| Poll Tax | Payment required by state or federal government before a citizen is allowed to vote.
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| Voter Turnout | Number of eligible voters who participate in an election as a percentage of total number of eligible voters.
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| Demographic Characteristics | Measurable characteristics of population, such as economic status, education, age, race or ethnicity, & gender.
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| Socioeconomic Status (SES) | Measure of an individual's wealth, income, occupation, & educational attainment.
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| Political Efficacy | Person's belief that he or she can make effective political change.
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| Political Mobilization | Efforts by political parties to encourage their members to vote.
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| Registration Requirements | Set of rules that govern who can vote & how, when, & where they vote.
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| Absentee Ballot | Voting completed & submitted by a voter before the day of an election without going to the polls.
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| Rational Choice Voting | Voting based on what a citizen believes in his or her best interest.
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| Retrospective Voting | Voting based on assessment of incumbent's past performance.
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| Prospective Voting | Casting a ballot for a candidate promising to enact policies favored by the voter in the future.
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| Party-Line Voting | Voting for candidates who belong only to one political party for all offices on the ballot.
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| Electoral College | Constitutionally required process for selecting president through slates of electors chosen in each state, who are pledged to vote for a nominee in the presidential election.
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| Winner-Take-All System | System of elections where the candidate winning the plurality of voters within a state receives all that state's votes in Electoral College.
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| Battleground State | State where polls show a close contest Republican & Democratic candidate in residential election.
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| Swing State | State where levels of support for the parties are similar & elections swing back & forth between Democrats & Republicans.
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| Get Out The Vote (GOTV) | Efforts to mobilize supporters.
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| Super PAC | Organization that may spend an unlimited amount of money on a political campaign, as long as spending isn't coordinated with a campaign.
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| Kainsianism stimulates the econmoy when it goes down, so ppl got lazy & caused inflation
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| Political Party | Organized group of party leaders, officeholders, & voters who work together to elect candidates to political office.
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| Party Identification | Degree to which a voter is connected & influenced by particular political party.
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| Straight-Ticket Voting | Voting for all of the candidates on the ballot from one political party.
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| Split-Ticket Voting | Voting candidates fro different parties in the same election.
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| Party Platform | Set of positions & policy objectives that members of a political party agree to.
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| Recruitment | Process where political parties identify potential candidates.
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| Party Coalition | Voter groups supporting a political party over time.
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| Realignment | When groups of people supporting a political party shift their allegiance to a different political party.
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| Critical Election | Major national election signaling a change in the balance of power between two parties.
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| Party Era | Time period where one party wins most national elections.
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| Era of Divided Government | 1969 trend, where one party controls one/two houses of Congress & the president is from the opposing party.
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| Nomination | Formal process through which parties choose their candidates from political office.
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| Delegate | Person who acts as the voters' representative at a convention to select party's nominee.
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| Primary Election | Election where state's voters choose delegates supporting a presidential candidate for nomination or an election by plurality vote to select a party's nominee for a seat in Congress.
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| Open Primary | Primary election where all eligible voters may vote, regardless of party affiliation.
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| Closed Primary | Primary election here only registered party members may vote.
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| Caucus | Process where state's eligible voters meet to select delegates to represent their preferences in the nomination process.
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| Superdelegate | Usually a party leader or activist not pledged to a candidate based on outcome of the state's primary caucus.
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| Front-Loading | Decision by state to push its primary or caucus o a date as early in the election season as possible, gaining more influence in the residential nomination process.
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| National Convention | Meeting where delegates officially select party's nominee for the presidency.
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| Candidate-Centered Campaign | Trend where candidates develop their own strategies & raise money with less influence from party elite.
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| Two-Party System | System where two political parties dominate politics, winning almost all elections.
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| Proportional Representation System | Legislator election system in which citizens vote for parties, rather than individuals & parties are represented in legislature according to percentage of vote they receive.
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| Single-Member Plurality System | Choosing members for legislature's election system where winner is the candidate who receives the most votes, even if it isn't the majority.
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| Third Party | Minor political party in competition with the two major parties.
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| pg. 500
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dr_relish