Sociology Exam
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| education | social institution responsible for systematic transmission of knowledge, skills, and cultural values within a formally organized structure
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| functionalist perspective on education | education serves several important functions in society, contributing to the stability and functioning of the social system as a whole
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| Manifest function | socialization, transmission of culture, social control, social placement, innovation
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| latent function | restricting activities, matchmaking + production of social networks
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| conflict perspective on education | education is viewed as a system that perpetuates and reproduces existing inequalities and power structures within society
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| cultural capital | social assets that include values, beliefs, attitudes and competencies in language and culture
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| tracking | practice of assigning students to specific curriculum groups + courses
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| hidden curriculum | transmission of cultural values and attitudes through the rules, routines, and regulations of schools
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| credentialism | process in which class advantage and social status are linked to possession of academic qualifications
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| symbolic interactionist perspective on education | education is viewed as a complex social process shaped by the interactions and interpretations of individuals within educational settings
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| problems in schools | unequal funding, school dropouts, violent incidents
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| opportunites + challenges in colleges | growing college enrollments, decreasing college funding, high cost of college education, racial diversity in college enrollment
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| what amendment pertains to religion? | 1st amendment
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| religion | social institution composed of a unified system of beliefs, symbols, and rituals
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| sacred | refers to aspects of life that are extraordinary or supernatural
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| profane | refers to everyday, secular, or worldly aspects of life
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| animism | belief that plants, animals, or other elements of natural world are endowed with spirits or life forces having an effect on events in society
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| secularization | process by which religious belief, practices, and institutions lose their significance in sectors of society and culture
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| durkheim's functionalist perspective on religion focuses on what 3 functions | meaning + purpose, social cohesion + sense of belonging, social control
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| civil religion | refers to set of beliefs, rituals, symbols that makes sacred the values of society + places nation in context of ultimate meaning
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| conflict perspectives on religion | view religion as either igniter or retarder of social change
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| marx view on religion | ideologies are embodied in religious doctrines + political values
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| weber view on religion | religion could be catalyst to produce social change
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| symbolic interactionist on religion | focus on meaning that people give to religion
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| rational choice on religion | see religion as rational response to human needs
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| ecclesia | religious organization that so integrated into dominant culture that it claims as its membership all members of society
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| church | large, bureaucratically organized religious organization that tends to seek accommodation with larger society
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| denomination | large, organized religious characterized by accommodation to society
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| sect | relatively small religious group that has broken away from another religious organization to renew what it views as the original version of faith
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| cult | loosely organized religious group with practices and teaching outside dominant cultural and religious traditions of a society
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