Disease Transmission and Infection Prevention Vocabulary Flashcards
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| ALARA concept | Concept of radiation protection that states that all exposures should be kept “as low as reasonably achievable.”
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| Anode (AN-ode) | The positive electrode in the x-ray tube.
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| Atom | The basic unit of matter.
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| Bremsstrahlung radiation | “Braking radiation.” The sudden deceleration of electrons as they interact with highly positively charged nuclei.
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| (KATH-ode) | The negative electrode in the x-ray tube. Central ray X-rays at the center of the beam.
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| Contrast | Differences in degrees of blackness on an image.
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| Control panel | The portion of the x-ray unit that contains the master switch, the indicator light, the selector buttons, and the exposure button.
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| Density | A filmless method of capturing an image and displaying it by using an image receptor, an electronic signal, and a computer to process and store the image.
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| Distortion | Change in the size of an image caused by incorrect vertical angulation.
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| Dose (of radiation) | The amount of energy absorbed by tissues.
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| Dosimeter | A device used to detect and measure an accumulated dosage of radiation.
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| Electron | A negatively charged particle in the atom
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| Energy | The ability to do work.
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| Extension arm | Flexible arm that is attached to the x-ray tubehead.
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| Genetic (juh-NE-tik) effects | Effects of radiation that are passed on to future generations through genetic cells.
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| Image Film | based or digitally produced recordings of anatomic structures.
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| Image receptor | A recording medium for an image, normally film, phosphor storage plate (PSP), or a digital sensor.
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| Intensity | The total energy of the x-ray beam.
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| Ion (EYE-on) | An electrically charged particle.
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| Ionization (eye-uh-ni-ZAY-shun) | Process by which electrons are removed from atoms, causing the harmful effects of radiation in humans.
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| Ionizing (EYE-uh-nye-zing) radiation | Radiation that produces ionization, resulting in harmful effects.
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| Kilovoltage (KIL-uh-voel-tuj) peak (kVp) | Highest voltage of x-ray tube used during an exposure.
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| Latent (LAY-tent) period | Time between exposure to ionizing radiation and appearance of symptoms.
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| Lead apron | Device used to protect the reproductive and blood-forming tissues from scatter radiation.
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| Magnification | The proportional enlargement of an image.
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| Master switch, indicator light, selector buttons, exposure button | Components of control panel.
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| Matter | Anything that occupies space and has form or shape.
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| Milliampere (mil-ee-AM-peer) (mA) | One one-thousandth (1/1000) of an ampere; a unit of measurement used to describe the intensity of an electrical current.
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| Penumbra (puh-NUM-bruh) | The blurred or indistinct area that surrounds an image.
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| Personal radiation monitoring badge | A device that measures exposure of personnel to ionizing radiation by measuring the intensity of visible light emitted from a crystal in the detector when heated. The intensity of light emitted is dependent upon the radiation exposure.
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| Photon (FOE-ton) | A minute (tiny) bundle of pure energy that has no weight or mass.
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| Primary beam | The most penetrating beam produced at the target of the anode.
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| Primary radiation | Same as primary beam.
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| Quality (of x-ray beam) | The mean energy or penetrating ability of the x-ray beam.
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| Quantity (of x-ray beam) | The number of x-rays produced in the dental unit; the quantity of x-rays produced is controlled by milliamperage
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| Radiation | Forms of waves of energy emission through space or material.
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| Radiograph (RAY-dee-oe-graf) | Image produced on photosensitive film by exposing the film to radiation and then processing it.
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