chapter 24 homework
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| The lamina propria and mucous epithelium are components of the | mucosa
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| The bulk of each tooth consists of a mineralized matrix similar to that of bone called | dentin
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| A blockage of the ducts from the parotid glands would | interfere with carbohydrate digestion in the mouth.
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| The stomach is different from other digestive organs in that it | has three layers of muscle in the muscular layer.
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| Which of the following descriptions best matches the term submucosal plexus? | sensory neural network
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| Carbohydrate digestion begins in the | mouth
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| Hydrochloric acid from the stomach is neutralized in the small intestine by | bicarbonate from the pancreas.
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| Which of the following is not found in the large intestines? | villi
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| Cirrhosis is a type of liver disease in which lobules turn fibrous and thus nonfunctioning. Which of the following functions is not impaired by cirrhosis? | synthesis of amylases
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| Bile is stored in the | gallbladder.
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| In response to the hormone secretin, the pancreas secretes a fluid | rich in bicarbonate ion.
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| The villi are most developed in the | jejunum
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| The structure that marks the division between the right and left lobes of the liver is the | falciform ligament.
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| A colonoscopy is a common diagnostic tool to check for colorectal cancer. Sometimes an investigation of the distal segment of the colon is all that is needed. What is the name of this distal segment of the colon? | sigmoid
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| The connection of the anterior portion of the tongue to the underlying epithelium is the | lingual frenulum.
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| Haustra are | expansible pouches of the colon.
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| Functions of the tongue include all of the following except | partitioning the oropharynx from the nasopharynx.
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| The first teeth to appear are the ________ teeth. | deciduous
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| Which of the following descriptions best matches the term pancreatic juice? | alkaline mixture of enzymes, water and ions produced by acinar cells
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| Each tooth is held in the alveolar socket by the | periodontal ligament.
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| The mesocolon is | a mesentery associated with a portion of the large intestine.
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| Waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract are called | peristalsis
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| The movement of nutrients from the digestive tract lumen across the epithelium is called | absorption
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| ________ are arranged within a lobule of the liver into a series of irregular plates converging toward a central vein. | Hepatocytes
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| The functions of the oral cavity include all of the following except |
absorption of monosaccharides.
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| In response to the hormone cholecystokinin, the pancreas secretes a fluid | rich in enzymes.
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| Identify the incorrect pairing. | liver; produces intrinsic factor
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| The ________ supports all but 25 cm of the small intestine and provides stability and limited movement. | mesentery proper
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| Digestion refers to the | mechanical and chemical breakdown of food.
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| Chief cells secrete | pepsinogen
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| The exocrine portion of the pancreas is composed of | pancreatic acini.
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| The essential functions of the liver include all of the following except | hormonal regulation.
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| The fusion of the common hepatic duct and the cystic duct forms the | bile duct.
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| Triglycerides, steroids, phospholipids and fat-soluble vitamins that are coated with proteins are called | chylomicrons.
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| The stomach secretes the hormone ghrelin which functions to | stimulate hunger.
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| The part of the small intestine most likely to develop an ulcer from exposure to gastric juice is the | duodenum.
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| Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion? | pancreas
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| Peyer's patches are characteristic of the | ileum
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| A drug that blocks the action of the hormone cholecystokinin would affect all of the following except | absorption of water in the large intestines.
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| During deglutition, which of the following phases is first? | buccal
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| Each of the following is a function of the liver except | antibody production.
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| Parietal cells secrete | hydrochloric acid.
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| Which of the following is true regarding digestion and absorption in the stomach? | Protein digestion begins in the stomach.
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| The ________ are double sheets of peritoneal membrane that suspend the visceral organs and carry nerves, lymphatics, and blood vessels. | mesenteries
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| Which of these duodenal hormones and actions are mismatched? | vasoactive intestinal peptide; inhibit intestinal blood flow
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| Which of the following descriptions best matches the term gastrin? | stimulates gastric secretion
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| Submucosal glands that secrete mucus are characteristic of the | duodenum.
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| Powerful peristaltic contractions that occur a few times each day in the colon are called | mass movements.
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| The enzyme pepsin digests | proteins
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| Circular folds and intestinal villi | increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine.
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| Name the region of the stomach that connects to the esophagus. (Figure 24-12) | cardia
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| The pouchlike structure that joins the ileum at the ileocecal valve is the | cecum.
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| Gastric pits are | openings into gastric glands.
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| Which of the following hypotheses would address the question of why salivary amylase and lingual lipase do not work in the stomach? | Salivary amylase and lingual lipase do not work below a pH of 4.5.
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| G cells of the stomach secrete | gastrin.
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| The duodenal ampulla receives secretions from the | bile duct and the pancreatic duct.
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| What stimulates stretch receptors in the rectum? (Figure 24-26) | feces causing distension in the rectum
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| All of the following are true of the lining of the stomach except that it | recycles bile.
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| All of the following are true of the intestinal phase of gastric digestion except that it | precedes the gastric phase.
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| Functions of the stomach include all of the following except | absorption of triglycerides.
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| There are normally a total of ________ permanent teeth. | 32
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| In severe pancreatitis, why does the destruction of the islet cells result in diabetes mellitus? | Insulin is released from the islet cells. The destruction of the islet cells culminates in lowered insulin level and ultimately diabetes mellitus.
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| A structure that helps prevent food from entering the pharynx prematurely is the | uvula.
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| Cells that are rapidly undergoing mitosis constantly repair and renew the lining of the pharynx and the esophagus, which is particularly vulnerable to abrasion associated with swallowing. Which of the following terms best describes this lining? | mucosa
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| Which of the following contains adipose tissue and provides padding for the anterior and lateral portions of the abdomen? | greater omentum
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| The crown of a tooth is covered by | enamel.
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| ________ pair(s) of salivary glands secrete into the oral cavity. | Three
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| A drug that blocks the action of carbonic anhydrase in parietal cells would result in | a higher pH during gastric digestion.
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| Which of the following statements is not true of swallowing? | The swallowing reflex is controlled by the pons.
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| The cells in the gastric mucosa near the openings of the gastric pits largely specialize in secreting __________. | mucus
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| Hormones are released from the mucosa layer by these cells? | enteroendocrine cells
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| The enzyme alpha-amylase that digests polysaccharides is secreted by the __________. | pancreas
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| Which is not a reason the stomach is acidic? | Emulsification of lipids.
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| D cells release ________, which inhibits the release of gastrin. | somatostatin
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| An intestinal hormone that stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreatic islet cells is | gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP).
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| Blockage of the common hepatic duct would interfere with digestion of | fats
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| The technical term for chewing is | mastication
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| The gastric phase of gastric secretion is triggered by the | entry of food into the stomach.
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| Bile salts aid in the digestion of fats by ________ large fat droplets. | emulsifying
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| Inflammation of the gallbladder is termed | cholecystitis.
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| Which of these effects on digestion is NOT produced by the parasympathetic nervous system? | decreased acid secretion
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| Which of the following vitamins relies on intrinsic factor for its diffusion across the digestive epithelium? | vitamin B12
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| An enzyme that digests proteins into peptides is | trypsin
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| All of the following enhance the absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine except | rugae
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| In the center of a liver lobule there is a | central vein.
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| The prominent ridges in the lining of the empty stomach are called | rugae.
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| Which of these statements about water balance in the digestive system is true? | All of these statements are true.
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| During the cephalic phase of gastric secretion, | CNS sensory or cognitive activation increases neural stimulation of the stomach.
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| Each of the following organs is a component of the digestive tract except the | bladder.
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| The part of a tooth that contains blood vessels and nerves is the | pulp cavity.
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| A physician palpates the painfully swollen salivary glands just anterior to a young boy's ears and confirms that the mumps vaccine must not have been effective. What is the name of the infected salivary glands? | parotid salivary glands
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| A feature of the digestive tract wall that increases surface area available for absorption is the | circular folds.
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| Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system? | filtration
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| Why do circular muscles contract behind the bolus while longitudinal muscles contract ahead of the bolus? (Figure 24-4) | Circular muscles contract behind the bolus to push the bolus forward while longitudinal muscles contract ahead of the bolus to shorten that segment of the digestive tract.
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| Which reflex is stimulated by stretch receptors in the stomach to increase motility and secretions along the small intestines? | gastroenteric reflex
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| The enzyme amylase digests | polysaccharides.
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| Sensory nerve cells, parasympathetic ganglia, and sympathetic postganglionic fibers can be found in the | submucosal neural plexus.
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| The portion of the small intestine that attaches to the cecum is the | ileum.
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| The ridge of oral mucosa that surrounds the base of a tooth is the | gingiva
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| A stratified squamous epithelial lining can be found in all of the following except in the | stomach.
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| Most chemical digestion and nutrient absorption is performed in the __________. | jejunum
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| Which is not true of pancreatic enzymes? | Their primary site of action is the stomach.
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| ________ are also known as canines. | Cuspids
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| Becky is experiencing indigestion and pain. The doctor also notes ascites formation in her abdomen. What is ascites? | buildup of peritoneal fluid in the peritoneal cavity
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| Which organ is responsible for dehydration and compaction of indigestible materials? | large intestine
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