Review Quiz (53/54-98.15%)
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| Which one of the following terms best describes the location of the kidneys? retroperitoneal adrenal peritoneal abdominopelvic | retroperitoneal
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| The urinary system is able to regulate __________________ by adjusting the volume of water lost in urine. blood pressure. blood cell production. valuable nutrients. the concentration of vitamins. All of the above. | blood pressure.
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| Which of the choices below is not a function of the urinary system? maintains blood osmolarity excretes carbon dioxide, water, salts, and heat helps regulate blood pH levels helps maintain homeostasis by controlling the composition and volume of blood | excretes carbon dioxide, water, salts, and heat
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| The ________ is not an organ of the urinary system. liver urinary bladder urethra kidney ureter | liver
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| Which of the following transports urine from the kidney toward the bladder? liver ureter prostate urethra small intestine | Ureter
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| The medial area at which the renal blood vessels enter and exit the kidney is called the renal ___________ column hilum cortex sinus medulla | hilum
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| The functional unit of the kidney is the ________. renal pyramid renal hilum renal loop nephron capsular space | nephron
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| The renal corpuscle contains________. afferent and efferent arterioles simple squamous epithelia The glomerular capsule and glomerulus podocytes All of the above | The glomerular capsule and glomerulus
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| The portion of the renal tubule closest to the glomerulus is the ________. nephron loop proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) collecting duct distal convoluted tubule (DCT) | proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
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| The unique structure and arrangement of the cells from the previous question results in the formation of filtration slits capillary slits protein pumps fresh, clean blood | filtration slits
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| A byproduct of protein catabolism called________ is produced by the liver, and constitutes a large portion of nitrogenous waste. urea ammonia uric acid creatinine azotemia | urea
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| A byproduct of nucleic acid catabolism called________ constitutes a large portion of nitrogenous waste. urea creatinine ammonia uric acid azotemia | uric acid
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| A toxic buildup of nitrogenous waste products associated with excessive vomiting, diarrhea and cardiac arrhythmia: creatinine poisoning diabetes insipidus uremia, or End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) phrenic insufficient secretion syndrome (PISS) | uremia, or End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)
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| Which one of the following substances is NOT reabsorbed under normal healthy conditions? urea glucose amino acids water | urea
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| Normal glomerular filtrate contains all of the following except ________. urea solutes red blood cells uric acid water | red blood cells
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| The first step in urine formation is metabolic waste products are produced by cells fluid and solutes are filtered out of the glomerular capillaries into the glomerular capsule. ADH is secreted by the pituitary gland. | fluid and solutes are filtered out of the glomerular capillaries into the glomerular capsule.
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| The presence of protein in the urine is called ____, and may indicate ______. leukouria, a bladder or kidney infection proteinuria, damage to the glomerular filtration membrane urea toxicity, too much protein in the diet | proteinuria, damage to the glomerular filtration membrane
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| During urine formation, the overall purpose of countercurrent exchange is to ___. increase the volume of urine produced in an effort to lower blood volume increase the osmolarity of the peritubular fluid, which then increases the reabsorption of water | increase the osmolarity of the peritubular fluid, which then increases the reabsorption of water
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| The descending limb of the nephron loop ___. actively pumps water into the ascending loop contains filtrate that becomes more concentrated toward the bottom of the loop is not permeable to water | contains filtrate that becomes more concentrated toward the bottom of the loop
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| In the thick ascending limb of the nephron loop, ________. glucose freely diffuses out into the peritubular fluid ions (such as Na+ and Cl-) are actively pumped out into the peritubular fluid | ions (such as Na+ and Cl-) are actively pumped out into the peritubular fluid
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| An increase in antidiuretic hormone (ADH) causes the kidneys to ________ the reabsorption of water, leading to a ________ output of urine. increase; lower decrease; higher increase; higher decrease; lower | increase; lower
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| Which of the following describes the mechanism by which antidiuretic hormone (ADH) functions? | ADH increases the number of water channels on the tubules and collecting ducts
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| The inner lining of the urinary bladder and ureters is composed of ________ epithelium. simple cuboidal simple squamous stratified squamous transitional | transitional
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| Select the correct statement about the ureters. The ureters are lined with simple squamous epithelium to allow for faster diffusion of urine into the bladder. The ureters deliver urine to the bladder with both gravity and smooth muscle contractions. | The ureters deliver urine to the bladder with both gravity and smooth muscle contractions.
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| Infection of the urinary bladder is called nephritis. urethritis. cystitis. pyelitis. nephrolithiasis. | cystitis.
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| Micturition is another term for ________ the countercurrent exchange process inflammation of the urinary bladder the elimination of urine glomerular filtration the production of nitrogenous wastes | the elimination of urine
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| incontinence | the loss of urinary control
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| nocturia | the need to get up throughout the night to urinate
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| hypovolemia |
body fluid declines, but osmolarity remains normal
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| dehydration |
a decline in body fluid with a rise in ECF osmolarity
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| What determines the movement of water from one fluid compartment to another? The temperature difference between compartments The relative volume in each compartment The relative concentration of solutes in each compartment | The relative concentration of solutes in each compartment
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| The ________ fluid compartment of the body consists of all of the fluid inside the cells, whereas the ________ fluid compartment consists of fluid outside the cells, such as interstitial fluid and plasma. | intracellular; extracellular
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| If the extracellular fluid (ECF) becomes hypotonic with respect to the intracellular fluid (ICF), which event will likely occur? | Water will move from the interstitial fluid into the cells.
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| Most body water intake is from ________, whereas most body water lost is via ________. metabolic water; cutaneous transpiration drinking; urination drinking; cutaneous transpiration and expired air metabolic water; sweat drinking; radiation | drinking; urination
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| The majority (65%) of body fluid is in the form of Saliva Tissue (interstitial) fluid Blood plasma and lymph Intracellular fluid (ICF) Extracellular fluid (ECF) | Intracellular fluid (ICF)
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| Which statement(s) is/are true regarding obligatory water loss? it can be controlled effectively by not letting the body become too warm. it is unavoidable. it is equal to a persons maximum daily urine output. | it is unavoidable.
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| Which of the following occurs in response to an increases in blood volume and blood pressure? ADH release is increased. The kidneys produce less urine. The renal tubules reabsorb more sodium. ADH release is inhibited. | ADH release is inhibited.
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| Hemorrhaging or severe diarrhea would likely result in which of the following? A decrease in water volume and a decrease in osmolarity An increase in ECF volume but a decrease in ICF volume volume depletion (hypovolemia) an increase in urine output | volume depletion (hypovolemia)
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| The driving force for water intake is ________. glomerular filtration metabolism the renin-angiotensin mechanism the thirst mechanism | the thirst mechanism
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| As urine volume decreases, its osmolarity decreases. stays the same. depends on particular solutes. increases. | increases
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| Given what you know about the osmolarity of the fluids, tissues, and cells in the body, why is it dangerous to drink seawater? | In the digestive system, the seawater would draw water out of the tissues and cells, leading to severe dehydration.
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| Which of the following would not contribute to dehydration? overuse of diuretics excessive perspiration diabetes insipidus ADH hypersecretion | ADH hypersecretion
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| Filtration of blood across an artificial membrane is called renal failure. hemodialysis. renal transplant. hemolysis. | hemodialysis
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| When ketone bodies are present in the urine in large amounts, it usually indicates the breakdown of ___________ for energy. muscle tissue glycogen amino acids fat | fat
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