Rizal - Prelims
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| Senate Bill 438 (Nol Fili Bill/Rizal Bill) | An Act to Make Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo Compulsory Reading Matter in All Public and Private Colleges and Universities and For other Purposes,
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| Claro M. Recto, Jose P. Laurel | sponsors of Rizal Bill
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| Francisco Rodrigo, Mariano Cuenco, Decroso Rosales | opposition of Rizal Bill
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| RA 1425 (Rizal Law) | is a Philippine law that requires all schools in the Philippines to offer courses on the life, works, and writings of Dr. Jose Rizal
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| education | In response, nationalist policymakers emphasized ___ as a foundation for national hope and pride to reorient the nation
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| April 3, 1956 | date the Rizal bill was filed
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| Father Horacio Dela Costa (1952) | he stated that Rizal's works is not an attack on Catholic faith, but an attack against the abusive representatives of the Church
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| Father Hesus Cavana (1956) | he stated that Rizal's works is an explicit attack against the Catholic faith
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| Anti-Church, Impairs freedom of speech and religious freedom, the bill might divide the nation | criticisms of the opposition against the bill
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| June 12, 1956 | this is the date when the bill was signed into law by President Magsaysay, giving birth to RA 1425 or Rizal Law
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| RA 1425 (Rizal Law) | “Act to Include in the Curricula of All Public and Private Schools, Colleges and Universities Courses on the Life, Works and Writings of Jose Rizal, Particularly His Novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, Authorizing the Printing and Distribution T
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| 6 | How many sections in RA 1425
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| First | This section of the law concerns mandating the students to read Rizal’s novels.
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| Second | This section mandates sufficient unexpurgated novel copies in school libraries
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| Third | this section aims to make Rizal's writings more readily available to the public by promoting their printing at an affordable cost, or in some cases, providing them for free
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| NCCA | stated that "No law or proclamation declaring a national hero is established"
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| Fidel V. Ramos | created the National Heroes Committee
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| EO 75 | created the National Heroes Committee Criteria
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| Concept of nation, Part of the major movement for freedom, Contributions to QoL, A part of people's expression, Thinks of the future generations | Criteria of NHC
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| Dr. Alfredo Lagamay and Dr. Corpuz | they recommended 9 candidates for national heroes
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| Jose Rizal, Andres Bonifacio, Apolinario Mabini, Melchora Aquino, Emilio Aguinaldo, Marcelo Del Pilar, Juan Luna, Gabriela Silang, Sultan Kudarat | the 9 recommended heroes by NHC
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| Graciano Lopez Jaena, Marcelo Del Pilar, Mariano Ponce, Antonio Luna, Jose Rizal | 5 recommended candidates for national hero by Taft and Beyer
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| Must be a filipino, must have a sense of great love of the contry, Must have pacified emotions, Must be dead, Must have a sentimental death | Beyer's criteria for national heroes
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| Personality | makes you, YOU. are shaped by a mosaic of life experiences and events.
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| 19th century | birth of modernity
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| Modernity | highlights the shift from tradition to new ideas, attitudes, and institutions, signaling a transition to a new era
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| Industrial and Political | two types of revolution in the 19th century
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| Industrial Revolution | introduced new production, transportation, and communication methods, shifting from manual labor to machines.
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| 1st IR | steam enginges
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| 2nd IR | electricity & mass production
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| 3rd IR | information & communication, electronics & communication
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| 4th IR | AI, robotics, Big Data
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| 5th IR | remote access
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| Enlightenment | movement that values reason and individualism
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| slow decline | While different partts of Europe were fluorishing, Spain was experiencing a ___
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| monopolized | When the Spanish Crown arrived, they ___ Manila ports, political revolutions, closing them to all but Mexico, gaining exclusive control over the trade route and goods
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| Galleon Trade/Manila-Acapulco Trade | the trade monopoly that emerged from this decision made Manila the center of commerce in the East
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| self sufficiency & direct trade, decline | By the late 18th century, the Galleon system faced tough competition as other nations opted for ___ and ____, leading to a ____ in Spain's trading system and Asian goods demand.
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| slowly dwindled | Spain was heavily dependent on the silver mines of its colonies in South America, which ____.
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| away from trade | Revolts, particularly in the War for Independence in Mexico, took place in the New World, thus shifting the focus and priority of consumers ____.
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| Galleon Trade was ended | With the old trade system no longer sustainable, ___ by decree during the first decade of the 19th century.
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| world commerce | The end of the Galleon Trade prompted Spain to open the Philippines to ___ in 1834, seeking new commercial opportunities created by the Industrial Revolution.
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| British, Dutch, and American | ___, _____, & ____ trading companies invested large capital in the country for the large-scale production of different products, such as tobacco and sugar.
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| Chinese, mestizos, and rich natives | ___, ___, & __helped with land acquisition, labor mobilization, crop transportation, and retail trade.
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| Chinese immigrants | served as middlemen between the provinces
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| the merchant houses of the Mestizos in Manila | where the crops were planted
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| Inquilinos | Rich natives became tenants, known as ___. They oversee the production of cash crops by subleasing large estates or haciendas from friars and then subletting them to indigenous farmers.
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| Suez Canal | When ___ was constructed, it shortened travel between Europe and the Philippines, enabling more intensive crop production and boosting commercial enterprises.
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| loss of privileges | Spanish blood was highly valued during the Spanish colonial era, so its disappearance also meant the ___.
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| difficult to obtain | Natives' low status in the colonial hierarchy likely made higher education _____.
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| Peninsulares | Pure blooded spanish people who were born in Spain
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| Ininsulares | Pure blooded spanish people who were born in Spanish colonies
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| Mesitzos | foreigners (chinese, etc)
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| Filipinos | natives of the Philippines
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| Indio | lowest class. the poor filipinos
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| Ilustrados | A group of educated natives seeking reforms to achieve equality with proud Spaniards.
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| rapid spread of education | from around 1860 was a key factor in late 19th-century nationalism.
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| The Industrial Revolution | ___ necessitated changes in the Philippine education system to prioritize training, skilled labor, aligning with economic demands.
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| inferior | They were made to feel ____, limited to manual work.
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| The Educational Decree of 1863 | ___ was a significant attempt by the Spanish Colonial Government to address the lack of formal education among Filipinos.
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| Disproportion between pupils and teachers, favoritism, questions about the competency of the teachers | criticisms of the education system
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| Ateneo De Manila | In 1865, run by Jesuits, became a secondary school with an advanced curriculum, resembling today's college more than high school.
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| 1. Industrial Revolution, 2. Educational Decree of 1863, 3. Return of the Jesuits | 3 things which helped ph educational reform
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| malicious behavior | Throughout the next three centuries, Spaniards used religion to justify their ___.
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| unfairly | Brown Filipinos were often treated ____ and justice was costly, partial, and slow.
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| Sa Aking Mga Kabata | a poem that people famously claimed that Rizal wrote when he was a child
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| Ambeth Ocampo | this historian says that the poem attributed to national hero Jose Rizal is not authentic as there is no original manuscript and it was only published after his death
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| 1. Rizal wrote "Sa Aking Mga Kabata", 2. Rizal invented champorado, 3. Rizal threw away his slipper away in the river | Myths/misconceptions about Young Rizal
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| Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda | full name of Jose Rizal
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| June 19, 1861 in Calamba Laguna | Jose Rizal was born on ____ in ___
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| struggled, size of his head | The birthing process was not easy, as Rizal's mother ___ due to the ___.
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| Father Rufino Collantes | parish priest who baptized Jose Rizal
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| Jose Protacio | this part of his name was in honor of two saints
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| Rizal | means 'green fields'. adopted bty the Mercados because of the Claveria Decree
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| Mercado | means market
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| Alonso | comes from Rizal's old family name
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| Realonda | adapted surname of the Alonsos due to the Claveria Decree
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| Pepe | this nickname comes from the letter "P.P." that was used after the name of Saint Joseph.
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| Saturnina, Paciano, Narcisa, Olimpia, Lucia, Maria, Jose, Concepcion, Josefa, Trinidad, Soledad | Family mercado children
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| 7th among 12 | Rizal is the __ among the ___ children
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| Francisco Mercado Rizal | was born on May 11, 1818, in Biñan, Laguna. He studied Latin and philosophy at the College of San Jose in Manila. After losing both of his parents, Francisco moved to Calamba to work in a hacienda owned by a Dominican friar.
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| May 11, 1818, Binan Laguna | Don Francisco was born on __ in ___
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| Don Francisco/Tiniente Kiko | nickname of Francisco Mercado Rizal
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| "a model of fathers" | Jose Rizal affectionately called Don Kiko ____ in his student memoirs
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| Teodora Alonso Realonda y Quintos | She came from a long line of principalia, the ruling and educated upper class in the towns during the Spanish occupation.
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| November 8, 1826, in Manila | Donya Teodora was born on __ in __
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| Uncle Jose, Uncle Gregorio, and Uncle Manuel | three uncles that played a unique role in shaping Rizal's character and skills
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| Uncle Jose | an accomplished artist, nurtured in Rizal an appreciation for nature's beauty and taught him various art forms such as painting, sketching, and sculpture.
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| Uncle Gregorio | a learned scholar, instilled in Rizal a love for education, emphasizing its importance and the value of hard work. Gregorio encouraged Rizal to think critically, observe his surroundings attentively, and deepen his curiosity and knowledge.
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| Uncle Manuel | concerned about Rizal's physical well-being, taught him various athletic skills, including swimming, fencing, wrestling, and other martial arts.
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| Leon Monroy | a former classmate of Rizal's father, who lived with the Rizal family to teach the boy Spanish and Latin.
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| 5 | Sadly, Monroy passed away __ months later. Rizal was in no way involved in his death, despite some malicious rumors.
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| Paciano | acted as a father figure during his school days in Binan
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| Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz | his teacher in Binan who rizal describe as tall, thin man with a long neck and a sharp nose who knew Latin and Spanish grammar by heart
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| Pedro | the teacher's son, who was the worst boy in the class, made fun of him, and they started to fight
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| Don Jose Alberto | his uncle who returned from Europe
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| 50 km | Teodora was forced to walk ___ from Calamba to Santa Cruz and forbidden from using any kind of vehicle.
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| Gomes. Burgos, Zamora | Their deaths held immense significance in Philippine history, profoundly influencing the independence movement and Rizal's personal life.
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| Mariano Gomes, Jose Burgos, Jacinto Burgos | GOMBURZA
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| Teodor Agoniclio | "There is no Philippine history before 1872"
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| Rafael de Izquerdo | On January 20, 1872, things took a serious turn among Filipino workers at the Fort San Felipe arsenal in Cavite when their already modest wages were reduced due to the removal of some privileges by the new Governor-General, ___.
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| Cavite Mutiny | On the very same evening, they launched a revolt against the Spanish authorities. This historical event is now known as the ___. However, despite their determination, the Spanish authorities held a significant advantage. As a result, the revolt was brough
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| Terror of 1872 | Filipino who participated in the uprising were subjected to imprisonment, execution or exile. However, the most chilling part was the fate of the three priests. Despite the lack of evidence linking them to the revolt, they were still executed by garrote
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| Paciano Rizal | the brother of Rizal, was a friend, teacher, and housemate of Fr. Jose Burgos. He witnessed the killing of Burgos, the person from he had receeived guidance and support.
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| 10, indelible impression | Rizal was only __ yrs old when Burgos was killed. This story left an ___ on rizal, inspiring him to become an advocated for social justice
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| El Filibusterismo | In tribute to the martyrs, Rizal dedicated his second novel, ___, to their memory
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| College of San Juan de Letran | on June 10th, Rizal and his brother went to manila where rizal took an exam at the ___ and successfully passed it
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| Ateneo | was known as one of the most renowned universities in the PH that offered secondary education
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| Jesuits | who held rigorous intellectual standards and courses that were almost equivalent to college academics
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| He was a late registrant, He was pale, thin, and undersized for his age | Reasons for rejecting Rizal's application in Ateneo
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| Manuel Burgos | with the help of ___, the nephew of Padre Burgos, he was accepted into the institution
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| Christian doctrine; Languages of Spanish, Latin, Greek and French; History and Geography, Mathematics and Sciences, Classic disciplines | five subjects that rizal was enrolled in
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| Donya Teodora | __, a known advocate for education, surprised her son, Jose Rizal, when she forbade him from studying at the University of Santo Tomas (UST). 'Don't send him to Manila any longer. He knows enough; if he gets to know more, they will cut off his head.'
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| indio" or "chongo." | One of the most common forms of discrimination that Rizal and his fellow Filipino students faced was being called derogatory names, such as __ or __.
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| Rizal experienced discrimination, Filipino students were racially discriminated, Rizal got low grades from UST | Myths about Rizal & UST
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| Compañerismo | In response to the discrimination and mistreatment that he and his fellow Filipino students faced, Rizal founded a secret society of Filipino students called ___
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