Middle Ages
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| Middle Ages | The thousand-year time period that followed the fall of Rome and what was before the Rennaissance.
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| Who was Charlemagne? | A Frankish king who built a great empire in western Europe.
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| What is a monastery? | A place of prayer and worship.
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| What is feudalism? | An agreement between the lord and knight where the lord gives land to the knight and the knight agrees to protect the lord and his castle.
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| Who was a peasant and worked the land for lord in Medieval society? | serf
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| What is a manor? | A main part of a noble's land.
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| Who is a vassal or lesser noble who fought on behalf of the lord in return for land? | knight
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| What was a town like during the Middle Ages? | Cramped and dirty conditions, narrow streets and threats of fire
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| What were some similarities between feudalism in Japan and feudalism in Europe? | Breakdown of central government, Rise of powerful landowners, both had skilled warriors
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| Who was a samurai? | A professionally trained soldier in Japan.
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| What was the samurai code of behavior called? | bushido
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| What was the structure of the Church in the Middle Ages? | Pope, cardinals, bishops, priests, monks and nuns
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| Why was the Roman Catholic Church so powerful in Medieval Europe? | The Roman Catholic Church was large, well organized, wealthy and had ties with Europe's nobility.
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| Why did Pope Gregory VII excommunicate Emperor Henry IV? | The Pope banished the emperor from the church because the Emperor was still going to elect officials to the Church.
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| Why was Thomas Aquinas important? | He showed that classical philosophy and Christianity could exist together.
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| What were the Crusades? | A military expedition from Christian Europe to Palestine.
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| Who was Saladin? | A Muslim leader who fought in the third Crusade.
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| Who was Richard the Lion-Hearted? | He was an English king who became the Crusaders' leader because of his courage and skill in battle.
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| What are two reasons the Crusades began? | The Crusaders wanted to win back their Holy Land (Jerusalem) from the Muslims and the Byzantine emperor asked for help.
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| What are two results of the Crusades? | Increased contact with other cultures and increased trade
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| How did the Black Death affect the population of Europe? | It killed 1/3 of the population in Europe.
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| What was the Reconquista? | The Christians forcing the Muslims out of Span.
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| What was the Black Death? | The infectious disease known as the bubonic plague that spread through Europe and Asia in the 1300's.
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| Who fought in the Hundred Years’ War? | France and England
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| Who was Joan of Arc? | A French peasant girl who saw religious visions urging her to join the French and helped lead the French to victory.
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| What new weapons were used during the Hundred Years’ War? | longbow and gunpowder
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| How did life change during the Middle Ages? | More people started to live in towns and supported the monarchies.
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| How did political structures change during the Middle Ages? | Monarchies became more powerful.
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| What were coat of arms? | A design used to identify a family or individual.
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| Who was King John? | English king who was forced to sign the Magana Carta.
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| What was the Magna Carta? | A document guaranteeing certain rights to nobles.
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| What were some of the new ideas about government in England? | royal courts, protection of law, trial by jury
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| What is parliament? | A group of representatives in the English government.
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| How did Parliament limit the power of the king? | By controlling the collection of taxes and what laws could be past
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| What is habeas corpus? | A right of people not t be imprisoned unlawfully
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| What are some modern legal or political ideas that have their roots in medieval England? | habeas corpus and representative government
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