US History Exam I
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| The origins of the majority of humans existence in North America began | With migrations from Eurasia over the Bering Strait
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| England’s first experience with colonization came in | Ireland
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| Amerigo Vespucci | Helped spread recognition of the idea that the Americans were new continents
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| An encomienda was a | License to exact tribute and labor from natives
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| The first truly complex society in the Americas was that of the | Olmec
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| What factor is believed to have dramatically reduced New World native populations after contact with Europeans | Disease
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| At the time of the beginning of the slave trade, most Africans | Had well-developed economies and political systems
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| African and American Indian societies tended to be matrilineal, which means | People traced their heredity through their mothers
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| The teaching of John Calvin | Produced a strong desire among his followers to lead lives that were virtuous
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| The English Reformation resulted from | A political dispute between King Henry VIII and the Catholic Church
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| The cause of the failure of the Roanoke colony | Is historically inconclusive
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| The significant Indian trading center near present-day St. Louis was called | Cahokia
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| The Spanish referred to peoples of mixed race as | Mestizo
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| John Calvin introduced the doctrine of | Predestination
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| The only clue to the fate of the Roanoke colony was the cryptic inscription “______” carved on a post | Croatan
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| How did Spanish settlements and attitudes toward native populations in the New World differ from those of the English? |
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| The initial Jamestown colonists focused primarily on | The search of gold
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| Captain John Smith helped the Jamestown settlement survive by | Imposing work and order on the colonists
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| The Virginia Company developed the “headright” system to | Attract new settlers to the colony
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| The Powhatan Indian Pocahontas | Created an interest in England in “civilizing” Indians
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| Bacon’s Rebellion | Was a conflict between eastern and western political forces in Virginia
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| In 1620, the Puritan Pilgrims who came to North America | Hoped to create their ideal close-knit Christian community
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| Georgia was founded | To create a military barrier against the Spanish
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| In colonial North America, the “middle grounds” refers to a region in which | No one European or Indian group held a clear dominance
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| The navigations acts enacted by the English Parliament | Encouraged the colonists to create an important shipbuilding industry of their own
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| the rebellion led by Jacob Leisler took place in | New York
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| The Glorious Revolution of 1688-1689 | Saw an English king, James II, flee to the European continent
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| In Jamestown, the winter of 1606-1610 was known as the “ | Starving time
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| The royal governor of Virginia who clashed with Nathaniel Bacon was | William Berkeley
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| The first meeting of an elected legislature in what is now the United States took place in the Virginia House of | Burgesses
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| Why did slavery emerge as a major labor source in the North American colonies by the end of the seventeenth century? | There were issues with indentured servants and slaves were more plentiful and cheaper
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| During the seventeenth century, the Royal African Company of England | Deliberately restricted the supply of slaves to the North American colonies
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| Most seventeenth-century English migrants to the North American colonies were | Laborers
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| Rice production in colonial America | Was very difficult and unhealthy work
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| The “triangular trade” in the Atlantic dealt with | Rum, sugar, and slaves
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| The Stono Rebellion | Saw slaves in South Carolina attempt to escape from the colony
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| The first American college was | Harvard
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| The term “middle passage” refers to the movement of enslaved Africans | From African to the New World
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| In the 1760s, the revolutionary crisis in English North America began in cities because | Cities were the centers of intellectual information
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| In the English colonies, Roman catholics | Suffered their greatest persecution in Maryland
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| After the Bible, the first widely circulated publications in colonial America were | Almanacs
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| The first significant metals industry in the colonies was developed for | Iron
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| Primogeniture refers to | Passing of property to the firstborn son
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| Cotton Mather promoted the use of inoculation against the disease | Smallpox
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| The dreaded journey in which captured Africans were transported to the Americas to be sold as slaves was called the | Middle passage
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| Puritan sermons of despair were called | Jeremiads
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| How did immigration affect social and economic life in the colonies? | Huge increase of native born workers that spent money on housing and food.
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| In the years after the Glorious Revolution, political power in England increasingly shifted toward | Parliament
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| The proposed Albany Plan of 1754 | Revealed the difficulties colonies had in cooperating with each other
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| The treaty of Utrecht in 1713 | Transferred territory from the French to the English in North America
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| What future American revolutionary figure surrendered to French forces in 1754 at Fort Necessity in the Ohio valley | George Washington
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| According to the term of the Peace of Paris of 1763, | France ceded Cananea and all of its claims to land east of the Mississippi River, except New Orleans, to Great Britain.
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| When George III assumed the throne of England, he | Was painfully immature
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| The Sugar Act of 1764 was designed to | Damage the market for sugar grown in the colonies, eliminate the illegal sugar trade among the colonies, the French, and the West Indies, and establish new vice-admiralty courts in America to try accused smugglers
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| The Stamp Act of 1765 | Required colonists to pay taxes on most printed documents
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| The Tea Act of 1773 | Followed a few years of relative calm between England and the American colonies, lowered the price of tea for colonies, and was intended to benefit a private British company
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| The first clash of the French and Indian War took place near what is now | Pittsburgh
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| The Quebec Act | Granted political rights to Roman Catholics
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| The leading colonial figure in the Boston Massacre was | Samuel Adams
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| The conflict between England and America was made insoluble because of a basic difference of opinion over the nature of | Sovereignty
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| A private company, Britain’s __________ Company, stood to benefit from the passage of the Tea Act of 1773 | East India
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| Parliament responded to the Boston Tea Party by passing a series of laws called the | Coercive Acts
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| Describe the origins of the American Revolution | A political and military struggle from 1765-1783. They started to protest taxes.
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