Smartbook- The Lymphatic and Immune Systems
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| What are three functions of the lymphatic system? | Absorption of lipids
Fluid recovery from tissues
Immunity
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| Lymph leaving the lymph nodes contains a large number of Blank______. | lymphocytes
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| Lymphatic vessels are absent from Blank______. | cartilage and bone
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| Which describes lymphatic capillaries? | Closed-ended vessels consisting of loosely overlapping endothelial cells
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| Where are lymphatic vessels found? | In most body tissues, except the CNS, cartilage, cornea, bone, and bone marrow
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| What are the lymphatic system's main functions? | Immunity, absorption of lipids, fluid recovery
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| How many lymphatic trunks are normally found in the body? | 11
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| The fluid contained in lymphatic vessels, which originates as tissue fluid, is called ________ | lymph
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| The two collecting ducts are the Blank______ ducts. | right and thoracic
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| Lymphatic vessels are anatomically very similar to which of the following? Pancreatic ducts Blood vessels Alveoli Epidermal glands | Blood vessels
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| Choose all that natural killer cells attack. | Bacteria
Cancerous cells
Transplanted tissues
Virus infected host cells
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| True or False Lymphatic capillaries are open-ended vessels consisting of loosely overlapping endothelial cells. | False
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| Which class of lymphocyte matures in the thymus? T cells B cells NK cells | T cells
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| Which is true of cartilage and the cornea regarding lymphatic vessels? They lack lymphatic vessels. They have very few lymphatic vessels. They have an abundant supply of lymphatic vessels. | They lack lymphatic vessels.
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| Which cell produces antibodies? Plasma cell T cell Neutrophil Macrophage | Plasma cell
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| Collecting vessels are formed by the convergence of several lymphatic ___________ | Capillaries
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| What are mucosal associated lymphatic tissues? | Aggregates of lymphatic tissue scattered throughout the lamina propria of mucous membranes
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| The largest type of lymphatic vessel, which deposits lymph into the subclavian veins, is called a collecting ___________ | Duct
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| True or False Both lymphatic tissues and lymphatic organs have distinct connective tissue capsules surrounding them. | False
Unlike lymphatic tissues, lymphatic organs have a distinct connective tissue capsule that separates the tissue from neighboring tissues.
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| Natural killer cells belong to which group of cells? | Lymphocytes
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| T lymphocytes mature in the organ called the | Thymus
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| The spleen and lymph nodes are classified as Blank______ lymphatic organs. | secondary
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| Plasma cells are derived from what cell type? | B lymphocytes
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| What does MALT stand for? | Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue
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| Distinct connective tissue capsules surround which of the following? Lymphatic tissues Lymphatic organs Lymphatic nodules | Lymphatic organs
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| Hemopoiesis occurs in the ___________ bone marrow. | red
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| Choose all body system the thymus is considered part of. | Lymphatic system
Endocrine system
Immune system
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| Choose all that are primary lymphatic organs. Spleen Tonsils Lymph nodes Thymus Red bone marrow | Thymus
Red bone marrow
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| A typical adult has about how many lymph nodes? | 450
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| B lymphocytes differentiate into cells that produce antibodies called ___________ cells. | Plasma
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| What are mucosal associated lymphatic tissues? | Aggregates of lymphatic tissue scattered throughout the lamina propria of mucous membranes
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| An area within the lymph node and spleen where B cell proliferation, differentiation, and activation occurs is called a(n) ________ center. | Germinal
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| Which bone marrow is mainly adipose tissue? | Yellow
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| The bilobed lymphatic organ that is located in the mediastinum is the ______________ | Thymus
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| The large lymphatic organ located near the diaphragm, stomach, and left kidney is the _________________ | spleen
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| A small organ found along the course of a lymphatic vessel that filters the lymph and functions as an activation site for B and T cells is called a lymph ______________ | nodes
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| Choose all that are examples of pathogens. | Viruses
Bacteria
Fungi
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| Lymphatic nodules are located in the Blank______ of the lymph node. | cortex
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| What occurs in germinal centers of lymph nodes? | B cells multiply and become plasma cells.
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| The external barrier that is coated with antimicrobial chemicals such as lactic acid, dermicidin, and defensins is Blank______. | the skin
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| Which are granulocytes with a multi-lobed nucleus that destroy bacteria by means of phagocytosis, intracellular digestion, and secretion of bactericidal chemicals? Monocytes Eosinophils Lymphocytes Neutrophils | Neutrophils
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| What is the body's largest lymphatic organ? | Spleen
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| What is the exocytosis of lysosomal contents by neutrophils called? | Degranulation
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| Organisms that cause disease, such as bacteria or fungi, are considered _____________ | pathogens
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| Most lymphocytes circulating in blood are Blank______. | T cells
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| Monocytes are which type of cell? | Leukocyte
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| Choose all the features of skin that offer immunoprotection. | The presence of defensins
The presence of a continuous barrier to the external environment
The presence of lactic acid
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| Interferons and complement are examples of which of the following? Immune cells Physical barriers Antimicrobial proteins | Antimicrobial proteins
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| Which globulins make powerful contributions to both nonspecific resistance and specific immunity? | Complement system
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| Choose all of the following that the respiratory burst by neutrophils leads to. | Hypochlorite
Superoxide anion
Hydrogen peroxide
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| The protein-degrading enzymes secreted by natural killer cells are called __________. | Granzymes
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| Which leukocytes are responsible for adaptive immunity? | Lymphocytes
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| Aspirin, acetaminophen, and ibuprofen reduce the synthesis of prostaglandins and are generally called what? | Antipyretics
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| Which leukocyte transforms into a macrophage when it moves from the blood into the tissues? | monocyte
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| What are the immunological benefits of inflammation? | To remove the debris of damaged tissue
To initiate tissue repair
To limit the spread of pathogens
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| Interferons are secreted by cells infected with which of the following? Bacteria Fungi Worms Viruses | Viruses
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| Cytokines are what type of molecule? | Protein
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| Where are complement proteins synthesized? | Liver
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| A protein secreted by NK cells that creates a hole in the plasma membrane of an enemy cell is Blank______. | perforin
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| The accumulation of dead cells, fluid, and tissue debris is called __________. | pus
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| A fever reducing agent is called a(n) Blank______. | antipyretic
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| Adaptive immunity exhibits _________, meaning it targets only one particular pathogen. | Specificity
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| Choose all that are the cardinal signs of inflammation? | Swelling
Heat
Redness
Pain
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| B cells are the primary cell of Blank______ immunity and T cells are the primary cell of Blank______ immunity. | humoral, cell-mediated
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| What class of chemical agents do interleukins and interferons belong to? | Cytokines
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| Any large molecule capable of triggering an immune response is called a(n) __________ | antigens
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| Which proteins found in blood are involved in the nonspecific defense against pathogens? | Complement
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| Heavy chains of an antibody are about how many amino acids long? | 400
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| Which of the following forms pus? Lymph Actively dividing bacteria Dead neutrophils and macrophages | Dead neutrophils and macrophages
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| Where do T cells mature? | thymus
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| Which characteristic describes how immunity is directed against a particular pathogen, and that immunity to one pathogen usually does not confer immunity to others? | Specificity
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| Choose all that are examples of antigen-presenting cells. | Macrophages
B cells
Dendritic cells
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| Which uses antibodies? Cellular immunity Humoral immunity | Humoral immunity
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| Which T cells carry out attacks on foreign cells? Cytotoxic Helper Regulatory Memory | Cytotoxic
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| What is any large molecule capable of triggering an immune response called? | Antigen
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| Which MHC class of proteins occur on all nucleated somatic cells and may trigger a cytotoxic T cell response if displaying a viral protein? III I II | I
MHC- I proteins
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| Which T cells attack and destroy target cells by secreting perforins and granzymes? | Cytotoxic
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| When T cells are mature enough to respond to antigens, they are called what? | Immunocompetent
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| The T cell Blank______ response allows memory cells to mount a faster response upon exposure to the same pathogen later. | recall
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| Cells that phagocytize antigens and display antigenic fragments on their surface are called ___________-presenting cells. | Antigen
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| Instead of directly foreign cells, the B cells of humoral immunity produce ___________ that bind to antigens and tag them for destruction. | antibodies
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| T cells that attack foreign cells are ___________ T cells. | Cytotoxic
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| Once a B cell binds an antigen, it phagocytizes it and displays antigen fragments on what molecules? | MHC-II proteins
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| Which statement is true regarding MHC-I proteins? They pick up peptides that are displayed on nuclear membranes. They are on the surface of red blood cells. They are constantly produced by cells and transported to the plasma membrane. | They are constantly produced by cells and transported to the plasma membrane.
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| Choose the ways that antibodies function to render antigens harmless. | Precipitation
Agglutination
Neutralization
Complement fixation
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| Which substance secreted by a cytotoxic T cell will inhibit viral replication? | Interferon
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| Choose all that are characteristics of a secondary immune response. | IgG antibodies are formed first.
Antibodies first appear within hours, peaking at day 3.
It occurs after the second and subsequent exposures to an antigen.
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| Choose all the reasons why memory T cells allow for a faster immune response when the body is exposed to the same antigen again. | There are more of them.
There are fewer steps to activation.
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| Hypersensitivity reactions to environmental antigens are called _________ | Allergies
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| Which type of immunity is mediated by B cells and the antibodies they secrete? Cell mediated Humoral | Humoral
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| Antibodies that attack the body's own tissues are called what? | Autoantibodies
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| Choose all that are required for activation of a B cell. | Usually, it must bind a helper T cell.
It must bind an antigen on several surface receptors.
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| A patient who is immunodeficient would have which of the following? An underactive immune system An overactive immune system An immune system that reacts to self antigens | An underactive immune system
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| The process in which antigen molecules are clumped together by antibodies so that they can be phagocytized is called what? | Precipitation
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| The secondary response is also called which of the following? | Anamnestic response
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| What is hypersensitivity? | An excessive and harmful reaction to antigens
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| Choose all that are possible causes for a lack of self tolerance. | Abnormal exposure to self antigens
Alteration of self antigens
Cross reactivity between similar antigens
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| The inability to produce a normal immune response, resulting from a lack of immune cells or other immune mediators such as complement is called _____________. | immunodeficiency
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| Molecules that function to render antigens harmless by neutralization, complement fixation, agglutination and precipitation are called Blank______. | antibodies
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