Smartbook- The Circulatory System: Blood Vessels and Circulation
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| Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart? | Arteries
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Veins are afferent, they carry blood towards the heart.
Capillaries connect arteries and veins.
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| Choose all that are layers of the blood vessel wall. Tunica albuginea Tunica interna Tunica mucosa Tunica media Tunica externa | Tunica interna
Tunica media
Tunica externa
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| Conducting arteries | Large, elastic arteries
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| Distributing arteries | Medium-sized, muscular arteries
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| Resistance arteries | Small arteries that are too variable to be given individual names
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| Which is another name for conducting arteries? | Elastic arteries
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| By definition, arteries are blood vessels that do what? | Carry blood away from the heart
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| Which term refers to a small vessel that empties into a capillary? | Arteriole
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| The innermost layer of a blood vessel wall is the Blank______. | tunica interna
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| Choose all that are functions of the arterial sense organs. | Monitor blood pressure
Monitor blood chemistry
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| Which are the exchange vessels of the cardiovascular system? Arteries Veins Capillaries | Capillaries
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| State the three classes of arteries in order from smallest (top) to largest (bottom). | Resistance arteries
Distributing arteries
Conducting arteries
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| What make up the capillary wall? | Endothelium
Basal lamina
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| Which class of artery includes the aorta, pulmonary trunk, common carotid, subclavian, and common iliac arteries? | Conducting
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| Capillaries are organized into web-like structures called capillary | beds
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| Arterioles are the smallest of which type of artery? Conducting Distributing Resistance | Resistance
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| The type of blood vessel regarded as capacitance vessels are | veins
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| Which is an example of a sense organ found within an artery? Multiple choice question. Carotid sinus Rods Cones Vestibuloceptors | Carotid sinus
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| Choose all of the following in which portal systems occur. Multiple select question. Between the lungs and the heart Kidneys Heart Between the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary Between the intestines and liver | Kidneys
Between the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary
Between the intestines and liver
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| Why are capillaries sometimes called the exchange vessels of the cardiovascular system? | Most exchange between the blood and the tissue fluid occurs across capillary walls.
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| Which is expressed in mL/min? Multiple choice question. Blood perfusion Blood flow Blood pressure | Blood flow
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| Capillary walls consist of an endothelium and a(n) ___________ lamina. | Basal
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| Blood ______________ is defined as the force that the blood exerts against a vessel wall. | Pressure
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| Capillaries are organized into networks called which of the following? Organ systems Sinusoids Anastomoses Capillary beds | Capillary beds
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| Choose all of the following that affect peripheral resistance. Multiple select question. Blood viscosity Heart rate Vessel radius Vessel length | Blood viscosity
Vessel radius
Vessel length
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| Which are regarded as the capacitance vessels because they expand easily to accommodate an increased volume of blood? Multiple choice question. Veins Sinusoids Capillaries Arteries | veins
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| A system in which blood flows through two consecutive capillary networks before returning to the heart is called a(n) ___________ system. | portal system
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| The ability of a tissue to adjust its own blood supply through vasomotion or angiogenesis is known as _____________ | autoregulation
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| True or False The femur has greater blood flow but less perfusion than the ovary. | True
This is true. The ovary receives more blood per gram of tissue than the femur.
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| Which is defined as the force that the blood exerts against a vessel wall? | Blood pressure
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| Which term refers to the growth of new blood vessels? | Angiogenesis
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| As blood flows through vessels, it encounters forces, caused by several factors, that impede its movement. This opposition to blood flow is called peripheral _____________ | Resistance
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| The vasomotor center regulates which of the following? Multiple choice question. Coagulation Respiration Metabolism Vasomotion | Vasomotion
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| Capacitance vessels do what? | Accommodate a relatively large amount of blood
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| If a tissue is inadequately perfused, autoregulation causes which of the following? Multiple choice question. Vasodilation Vasoconstriction | Vasodilation
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| Which type of reflex adjusts respiration rate in response to changes in blood chemistry? | Chemoreflexes
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| Which is expressed in mL/min? Multiple choice question. Blood perfusion Blood pressure Blood flow | Blood Flow
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| What is hypercapnia? | An excess of carbon dioxide in the blood
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| The growth of new blood vessels is called _______ | Angiogenesis
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| Choose all the hormones that influence blood pressure. Multiple select question. Angiotensin II Epinephrine Aldosterone Inhibin Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) | Angiotensin II
Epinephrine
Aldosterone
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
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| Where is the vasomotor center located? | Medulla oblongata
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| Epinephrine and norepinephrine do what to blood pressure? | They raise blood pressure.
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| Which are regarded as the capacitance vessels because they expand easily to accommodate an increased volume of blood? | Veins
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| How much of the total body blood is in capillaries at any given time? | 5%
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| Which term refers to the feedback response to blood pressure changes? | Baroreflex
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| What is the most important mechanism of exchange across capillary walls? | Diffusion of water and solutes
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| An excess of carbon dioxide in the blood is known as Blank______. | hypercapnia
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| Normally, fluid moves into a capillary at the venule end through which mechanism? | Osmosis
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| Hormone: Angiotensin II | Potent vasoconstrictor that raises the blood pressure
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| Hormone: Aldosterone | Promotes Na+ retention, which increases blood volume and raises blood pressure
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| Hormone: Natriuretic peptides | Promotes Na+ excretion, which reduces blood volume and lowers blood pressure
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| Hormone: Antidiuretic hormone | Increases blood pressure by promoting water retention; acts as a vasoconstrictor at extremely high concentrations
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| Which hormones are produced by the adrenal glands and bind to α-adrenergic receptors on the smooth muscle of most blood vessels? | Epinephrine and norepinephrine
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| The accumulation of excess fluid in a tissue is called | edema
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| Choose all of the chemicals given off by the systemic capillary blood to the perivascular tissues. Multiple select question. Hormones Antibodies Ammonia Oxygen Carbon dioxide Glucose | Hormones
Antibodies
Oxygen
Glucose
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| Which term refers to the flow of blood back to the heart? | Venous return
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| Which can diffuse directly across the plasma membrane without the help of membrane channels, filtration pores, or intercellular clefts? | Oxygen
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| Reasons venous return increases during exercise | Increased breathing enhances action of the thoracic pump.
Increased muscle contraction enhances action of the skeletal muscle pump.
The heart beats faster, increasing blood pressure.
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| Interstitial fluids typically enter the venous end of a capillary bed via which process? | Osmosis
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| Epinephrine Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) Angiotensin II Aldosterone | hormones that influence blood pressure.
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| Choose all that may cause edema. Multiple select question. Obstructed lymphatic drainage Increased capillary filtration Reduced capillary reabsorption Hyperproteinemia (increased levels of protein in the blood) | Obstructed lymphatic drainage
Increased capillary filtration
Reduced capillary reabsorption
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| the type of shock that is caused by inadequate pumping by the heart is called _______ shock. | Cardiogenic
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| The blood flow back the heart is called ____________ return. | Venous
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| Brief episodes of cerebral ischemia produce which of the following? Multiple choice question. Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) Anaphylactic shock Cerebrovascular accidents (CVA or stroke) Myocardial infarctions (MIs) | Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)
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| True or False Exercise decreases venous return. | False
Exercise increases venous return
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| Summarize the general process of capillary fluid exchange | Fluid moves out of a capillary bed at the arterial end, exchanges materials with the tissue cells, then reenters the blood at the venous end.
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| What is true about pulmonary circuit as compared to the systemic circuit? | Pulmonary arteries carry oxygen-poor blood and veins carry oxygen-rich blood
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| In the pulmonary circuit, the pulmonary trunk branches into Blank______. | pulmonary arteries
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| Which type of circulatory shock results from too little blood returning to the heart? | Low venous return
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| Which circuit supplies oxygen and nutrients to all organs and removes their metabolic wastes? Pulmonary Systemic | Systemic
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| Short episodes of cerebral ischemia produces _________________ ischemic attacks. | Transient
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| What are all of the arteries that branch directly off the aortic arch? | Brachiocephalic trunk
Left common carotid
Left subclavian
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| The carotid arteries supply the Blank______. | head
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| What are some ways in which the pulmonary circuit differs from the systemic circuit? | Pulmonary arteries constrict in response to local hypoxia.
Pulmonary arteries carry oxygen-poor blood and veins carry oxygen-rich blood.
Less fluid gets "left behind" in the lungs.
Pulmonary arteries have thinner, less elastic walls.
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| True or False | True
The vertebral arteries give rise to small branches that supply the spinal cord and its meninges, the cervical vertebrae, and deep muscles of the neck. They then enter the foramen magnum supplying blood to the cranial bones and meninges.
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| Put the following in order to describe the flow of a blood cell through the pulmonary circuit. Start at the top with the first vessel the blood enters as it leaves the right ventricle. | Pulmonary trunk
Pulmonary arteries
Lobar arteries
Alveolar capillaries
Pulmonary veins
Left atrium
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| The right and left costocervical trunks arise from which of the following? Multiple choice question. Thyrocervical arteries Right and left subclavian arteries Right and left common carotid arteries Costocervical arteries | Right and left subclavian arteries
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| The vessels that convey blood from the left ventricle to all organs of the body and back to the right atrium make up the Blank______ circuit. | systemic
The systemic circuit consists of all blood vessels that convey blood from the left ventricle to all organs of the body and back to the right atrium of the heart.
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| Which artery supplies blood to most of the cerebrum? Multiple choice question. External carotid artery Internal carotid artery | Internal carotid artery
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| The aortic arch gives off three major arteries, which include the __________ trunk, the left common ____________ artery, and the left ___________ artery. | Blank 1: brachiocephalic
Blank 2: carotid
Blank 3: subclavian
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| The lingual artery is a branch of the Blank______ carotid artery. external internal | external
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| The left common carotid artery branches directly from which blood vessel? | Aortic arch
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| Which branch of the external carotid artery supplies blood to the teeth, maxilla oral cavity and external ear? | Maxillary artery
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| The vertebral arteries enter the Blank______ cavity through the foramen magnum. | cranial
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| The cerebral arterial circle is also called what? | Circle of Willis
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| True or False The costocervical trunks arise from the right and left subclavian arteries and supply blood to the muscles of the neck and rib cage. | True
The costocervical trunks arise from the right and left subclavian arteries lateral to the vertebral arteries; they supply the deep neck muscles and some of the intercostal muscles of the superior rib cage.
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| Where does blood collect after it circulates through the brain? | Dural venous sinuses
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| Choose all the areas that would experience impaired blood flow if a thrombus lodged in the external carotid artery. Medial cerebrum Thyroid gland Scalp Tongue Teeth Orbits | Thyroid gland
Scalp
Tongue
Teeth
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| Which part of the aorta begins just distal to the aortic arch? Multiple choice question. Thoracic aorta Ascending aorta Abdominal aorta | Thoracic aorta
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| List the arteries, in order, through which a RBC must travel to get from the left ventricle to the tongue. Start with the aortic arch at the top. | Aortic arch
Brachiocephalic trunk
Right common carotid artery
External carotid artery
Lingual artery
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| Which vein drains the right abdominal wall? | Ascending lumbar vein
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| The maxillary artery is a branch off of the Blank______ carotid artery. Multiple choice question. internal external | external
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| The common hepatic, left gastric and splenic arteries are branches of which of the following? Multiple choice question. Renal arteries Thoracic aorta Celiac trunk Mesenteric arteries | Celiac trunk
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| The cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) supplies blood to what? | Brain
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| True or False The hepatic portal system allows blood to flow from the gastrointestinal organs to the liver before returning to the heart. | True
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| The dural venous sinuses collect the blood immediately after it has circulated through which of the following organs? Multiple choice question. Liver Heart Brain Stomach | Brain
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| The ulnar artery is on which side of the forearm? | Medial
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| The thorax receives blood from several arteries which arise directly from the ___________ | Aorta
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| Which vein is formed by the union of the brachial and basilic veins? | Axillary vein
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| Which provides the principle venous drainage of thoracic wall? | Azygos system
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| Place the arteries in order as they descend and supply blood to the lower limb. Start with the external iliac artery at the top. | External iliac artery
Femoral artery
Popliteal artery
Anterior tibial artery
Dorsal pedal artery
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| The common hepatic, left gastric, and splenic arteries are the primary branches of which blood vessel? | Celiac trunk
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| Multiple Choice Question Where is the great saphenous vein? | Medial side of the lower limb
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| Which veins form an arc long the lesser curvature of the stomach? | Gastric veins
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| Put the arteries of the upper limb in order from the most proximal (top) to the most distal (bottom). | Axillary artery
Brachial artery
Radial artery
Deep palmar arch
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| Which vein changes its name to the subclavian vein at the lateral margin of the first rib? | Axillary
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| Which artery branches off of the common iliac artery to supply blood to the lower limb? | External iliac artery
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| What is the longest vein in the body? | Great saphenous vein
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| The longest vein in the body is the great __________ vein. | Saphenous
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