Smartbook- The Endocrine System
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| What are the four ways in which cell-to-cell communication can be accomplished? | show 🗑
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| show | Exocrine
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| show | less persistent
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| show | Its target cells have an enzyme that converts it to an active form.
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| Which endocrine gland is housed in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone? | show 🗑
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| Gap junctions, neurotransmitters, paracrines, and hormones are all mechanisms by which cells do what? | show 🗑
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| show | releasing hormones
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| show | Exocrine
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| show | Follicle
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| The nervous system is similar to the endocrine system in that both work through chemical messengers to affect physiological responses. However, the nervous system is Blank______ in its response. | show 🗑
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| show | receptors
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| show | Luteinizing hormone (LH)
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| Which endocrine organ is suspended from the floor of the hypothalamus? | show 🗑
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| show | TSH
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| Hypothalamic releasing hormones stimulate which gland to release hormones? | show 🗑
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| show | decreases
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| show | Sperm production
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| Which area of the brain monitors conditions within and outside of the body? | show 🗑
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| The pituitary hormone that stimulates the testes to secrete testosterone is Blank______. | show 🗑
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| Thyroid-stimulating hormone stimulates the growth and function of which of the following? | show 🗑
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| show | Somatomedins
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| Which hormone increases water retention by the kidneys, reduces urine volume, and helps prevent dehydration? | show 🗑
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| Which hormone stimulates sperm production? | show 🗑
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| Gonadotropin secretion might be suppressed by which hormone? | show 🗑
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| During pregnancy, the hypothalamus causes Blank______ secretion so a woman will be prepared to lactate after giving birth. | show 🗑
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| Which gland is unique in that it is large in the fetus and infant, but is a small remnant in the elderly? | show 🗑
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| The anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates ovulation is hormone. | show 🗑
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| The role of insulin-like growth factors or somatomedins is to prolong which of the following? | show 🗑
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| show | It increases water retention by the kidneys.
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| What is the largest endocrine gland in an adult? | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| The thyroid gland is composed of sacs called thyroid _________, which are filled with a protein-rich colloid. | show 🗑
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| Where is the thymus located? | show 🗑
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| show | luteinizing hormone
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| What does a calorigenic effect increase? | show 🗑
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| Growth hormone stimulates the liver and other tissues to produce growth stimulants called insulin-like growth factors which are also called what? | show 🗑
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| Where are the parathyroid glands located? | show 🗑
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| The two lobes of the thyroid are joined by what narrow piece of tissue? | show 🗑
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| Where is the adrenal medulla? | show 🗑
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| Thyroid hormone is composed primarily of which of the following? | show 🗑
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| show | medulla
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| show | Thymus
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| What effect does thyroid hormone have on the body's metabolic rate? | show 🗑
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| show | Epinephrine
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| show | parathyroid
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| Which structure acts as both an endocrine gland and as a ganglion of the sympathetic nervous system? | show 🗑
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| show | To increase alertness and prepare the body for physical activity
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| show | 3
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| The chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla secrete which neurotransmitters? | show 🗑
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| Cells called spongiocytes are found within the zona Blank______ of the adrenal cortex. | show 🗑
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| show | Embedded in the thyroid gland
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| Which adrenal cortical hormone helps maintain blood pressure and blood volume? | show 🗑
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| show | At the core of the adrenal gland, superior to the kidney
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| Which hormone is a potent glucocorticoid that is secreted in response to ACTH to help the body adapt to stress? | show 🗑
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| show | Epinephrine
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| show | Islets of Langerhans
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| show | It surrounds the adrenal medulla.
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| show | Zona glomerulosa
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| Which endocrine gland also acts as an exocrine gland? | show 🗑
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| The most significant mineralocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex is which of the following? | show 🗑
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| Which pancreatic hormone stimulates gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, and the release of glucose into circulation in response to decreased blood glucose? | show 🗑
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| show | cortisol
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| show | beta
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| show | islet
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| When they secrete hormones, the ovaries and testes are considered what type of glands? | show 🗑
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| show | Adrenal cortex
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| Choose all the hormones that are produced by the liver. | show 🗑
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| The pancreas is located retroperitoneally and Blank______. | show 🗑
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| show | Calcitriol
Erythropoietin
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| The hormone secreted from alpha cells of the pancreas in response to decreased blood glucose is ____________. | show 🗑
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| Which hormone is produced by the heart? | show 🗑
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| During and immediately following a carbohydrate rich meal, the beta cells of the pancreas secrete the hormone ___________. | show 🗑
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| The gonads and the adrenal _____________ are the only sites of steroid synthesis in the body. | show 🗑
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| Gonads function as both ___________ and exocrine glands. | show 🗑
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| show | Humoral
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| show | Liver
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| What is a bound hormone? | show 🗑
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| The kidney secretes the enzyme _____________ which acts to convert angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. | show 🗑
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| To get from an endocrine gland to its target cell, a hormone must travel through what? | show 🗑
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| show | It decreases it.
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| What is a hormone receptor? | show 🗑
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| Peptides and catecholamines are hydrophilic and cannot penetrate a target cell. They therefore bind to receptors where? | show 🗑
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| Hormones of the hypothalamus stimulate the anterior pituitary to release a hormone. This is what type of stimulus for hormone secretion? | show 🗑
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| Steroid hormones are which of following? | show 🗑
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| show | Down-regulation
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| show | An unbound hormone
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| show | False
The interactive effects of hormones include antagonistic, synergistic and permissive interactions.
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| show | Saturation means that all of the receptor molecules have bound hormone molecules.
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| Two or more hormones that act together to produce an effect that is greater than the sum of their separate effects are said to be what? | show 🗑
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| show | Through second messenger systems
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| show | Both the endocrine system and the sympathetic nervous system
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| True or false All hormones interact with their target cells by first binding to a membrane-bound receptor. | show 🗑
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| show | alarm
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| The three types of hormone interactions are synergistic, permissive, and __________ effects. | show 🗑
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| What are chemical messengers that diffuse through tissue fluid and affect only nearby cells called? | show 🗑
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| show | Testosterone and FSH
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| What term means inadequate hormone release? | show 🗑
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| Any situation that upsets homeostasis and threatens one physical or emotional well-being is defined as | show 🗑
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| show | Cushing syndrome
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| Steroid hormones are which of following? | show 🗑
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| A disruption of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism that results from the hyposecretion of insulin is called _________ mellitus. | show 🗑
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| The initial response to stress is an alarm reaction mediated mainly by which two hormones? | show 🗑
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| show | Histamine
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| show | Hypersecretion
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| show | Long-term hydrocortisone therapy
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| show | Protein
Fat
:)
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