Microbio Final
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| What type of microscopes are used to examine structures down to the atomic level? A. Scanning electron microscope B. Scanning probe microscopes C. Atomic force microscopes D. Transmission electron microscopes | Transmission electron microscopes
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| Which of the following diseases is transmitted via aerosols? A. Psittacosis B. Shigellosis C. Leptospirosis D. Giardiasis | Psittacosis
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| Low-power microscopes designed for observing fairly large objects such as insects or worms are: A. electron microscopes B. dark-field microscopes C. Fluorescence microscopes D. Stereomicroscopes | Stereomicroscopes
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| The tool of choice to observe living microorganisms is the: A. Bright-field microscope B. Phase-contracts microscope C. Fluorescence microscope D. Electron Microscope | Phase-contract microscope
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| The binomial system of nomenclature was originally developed by: A. Pasteur B. Linnaeus C. Martini D. Jenner | Linnaeus
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| Molecules that can absorb hydrogen ions and not change the pH of the substance are____: | buffers
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| After filling the first shell, the outermost shell of an atom can hold up to_____electrons A. 2 B. 6 C. 8 D. 10 | 8
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| Isotopes are atoms with: A. that same number of electrons and protons B. Different numbers of protons and electrons C. The same numbers of protons but a different number of neutrons D. different numbers of electrons | The same numbers of protons but a different number of neutrons
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| The bond between amino acids is a: A. Ionic bond B. Peptide bond C. Hydrogen bond D. Covalent bond | Peptide bond
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| RNA is specialized for the synthesis of_____ | Protein synthesis
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| Which of the following structures is shaped like a hollow cylinder made out of tubulin proteins? A. Intermediate filaments B. Microtubules C. Microfilaments D. Flagella | Microtubules
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| Which of the following is an active transport mechanism? A. Osmosis B. Facilitated diffusion C. Filtration D. Pinocytosis | Pinocytosis
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| Pili are also called: A. Microvilli B. Fimbriae C. Cilia D. Flagella | Fimbriae
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| The anticodons are located in: A. tRNA B. rRNA C. mRNA D. ribosomes | tRNA
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| Which of the following transport mechanisms transports water across the plasma membrane? A. Osmosis B. Facilitated diffusion C. Phagocytosis D. Exocytosis | Osmosis
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| The movement of molecules through a membrane from an area of high hydrostatic pressure to an area of lower hydrostatic pressure is: A. Osmosis B. Exocytosis C. Simple diffusion D. Filtration | Filtration
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| Chitin is a component of the cell wall of: A. Algea B. Bacteria C. Fungi D. Viruses | Fungi
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| Peptidoglycan is typically found in the: A. Cell wall B. Plasma Membrane C. Nucleus D. Endoplasmic reticulum | Cell wall
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| A special structure formed by some bacterial cells to allow them to survive in harsh conditions is called ______ | Endospore
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| Bacteria that have flagella that are distributed over the general cell surface are referred to as: A. Amphitrichous B. Monotrichous C. Peritrichous D. Lopotrichous | Peritrichous
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| Which of the following is a host-dependant bacterium? A. Mycoplasma B. Ureaplasma C. Rickettsia D. Micrococcus | Rickettsia
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| Bacterial replication is accomplished by: A. Mitosis B. Meiosis C. Cytokinesis D. Binary fission | Binary fission
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| Psychrophiles are also referred to as: A. Cryophiles B. Thermophiles C. Mesophiles D. Psychrotrophs | Cryophiles
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| Staphylococci are ____facultative anaerobes | Gram-positive
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| Microorganisms that show optimal growth in moderate temperatures (25-40C) are called: A. Thermophiles B. Psychrophiles C. Mesophiles D. Psychrotrophs | Mesophiles
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| Methanogens are ____that grow in anaerobic environments such as swamps. | Archaea
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| Microorganisms that grow only in the presence of oxygen are called_____. | Obligate aerobes
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| The most common viruses causing respiratory illness belong to: A. Herpesviridae B. Papovaviridae C. Adenoviridae D. Poxviridae | Adenoviridae
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| Picornaviridae are ____ viruses | RNA
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| The correct hierarchical order for virus classification is: A. Order, genus, family, subfamily, species B. Species, genus, family, subfamily, order C. Order, family, subfamily, genus, species D. Genus, order, family, subfamily ,species | Order, family, subfamily, genus, species
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| Which part of a virus aid in the attachment to the host cell membrane receptors? A. Capsid B. Protomers C. Spikes D. Neucleocapsid | Spikes
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| The suffix virales is given to the following terms within the taxon: A. Species B. Order C. Family D. Genus | Order
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| A fully assembled virus is called a _____ | Virion
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| Viruses can infect: A. Plants B. Bacteria C. Animals D. All organisms | All organisms
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| Viral capsomeres are composed of subunits called: A. Envelopes B. Protomeres C. Capsids D. Nucleotides | Protomeres
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| RNA viruses belong to which of the following types according to the Baltimore classification system? A. I, II, III B. II, III, IV C. I, IV, V D. III, IV, V | III, IV, V
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| Which of the following are technically not microorganisms? A. Molds B. Protozoans C. Helminths D. Viruses | Helminths
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| The study of fungi is called _____ | Mycology
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| Which of the following is commonly referred to as a pinworm? A. Enterobius vermicularis B. Necator americanus C. Ascaris lumbricoides D. Ancylostoma duodenale | Enterobius vermicularis
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| The unique cell organelle found in the Archaezoa and that appears to be a remnant of mitochondria is called a _______ | mitosome
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| A toxic, odorless gas often used as a sterilizing agent in hospitals and dental offices is: A. ethylene oxide B. Carbon dioxide C. Carbon monoxide D. propane | Ethylene oxide
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| Which of the following methods is the simplest heat-related method to sterilize metal? A. Incineration B. Autoclaving C. Direct flaming D. Indirect heating | Direct flaming
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| Food irradiation destroys the _____ of the cell | DNA
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| Bacteria that thrive in extremely dry conditions are classified as ______ | xerophiles
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| Ionizing radiation involves all of the following except: A. UV light B. Gamma rays C. Electron beams D. X-rays | UV light
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| A common laboratory medium is nutrient broth, which contains beef extract and _______ | peptone
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| A disinfectant is designed to be used only on _____ surfaces | nonliving
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| Which of the followinng media is used to isolate Neisseria gonorrhoeae? A. Phenylethyl alcohol sugar B. Thayer-Martin agar C. MacConkey agar D. Mannitol salt sugar | Thayer-Martin agar
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| In an agar slant, bacterial colonies that appear separate or semiconfluent are referred to as: A. Filiform B. Echinulate C. Beaded D. Effuse | Beaded
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| Which of the following genera of bacteria need very specialized media for culturing? A. spiroplasma B. Enterococcus C. Staphylococcus D. Pseudomonas | Spiroplasma
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| The generic name of a drug refers to its _______ name: A. Trade B. Proprietary C. Chemical D. Nonproprietary | nonproprietary
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| Drugs and substances witha high probability for abuse with no therapeutic use and a lack of safety controls are classified as Schedule ________ | I
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| Heroin is considered as a schedule _____ drug A. I B. II C. III D. IV | I
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| A mercury-containing compound used as a preservative in vaccines is: A. Analgesic B. EDTA C. Codeine D. Thimerosal | Thimerosal
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| Drugs are excreted from the body primarily via the: A. Lungs B. Kidneys C. Small intestines D. Spleen | Kidneys
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| Most agents that inhibit protein synthesis involve disrupting the process of _______ | Translation
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| An ideal antimicrobial drug will kill harmful microbes without significant damage to the host. This principle is referred to as____ | Selective toxicity
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| Which of the following is not a common characterisitic used in the selection of an antimicrobial drug? A. Selective toxicity B. Ease of delivery to the site of infection C. Ability to administer intravenously D. Potential for allergic reaction | Ability to administer intravenously
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| All of the following are general metabolic or structural targets for antimicrobial drugs except: A. Lipid synthesis inhibition B. Protein synthesis inhibition C. Interference with nuclein acid synthesis D. Interference with cell wall synthesis | Lipid synthesis inhibition
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| Cephalosporins have ______ generations of developed agents A. Two B. Three C. Four D. Five | Five
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| The mold that produces penicillin is an example of: A. Parasitism B. Mutualism C. Commensalism D. Amensalism | Amensalism
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| A microorganism capable of causing disease is called a_____ | pathogen
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| A flora found in teh same location as resident flora but that remains only for a given amount of time is a _______ flora | transient
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| A relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is harmed is called: A. Commensalism B. Parasitism C. Synergism D. Antagonism | Parasitism
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| The study of the cause of disease is called __________ | Etiology
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| Immunity that is a result of an actual infection is called: A. Artificially acquired passive immunity B. Artificially acquired active immunity C. Naturally acquired passive immunity D. Naturally acquired active immunity | Naturally acquired active immunity
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| A substance capable of raising the body temperature is: A. Heparin B. Pyrogen C. Serum D. Prostaglandin | Pyrogen
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| Delayed hypersensitivity is a result of _______ | antigen-specific lymphocytes
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| Which of the following is not true of antigens? A. An antigen is any agent that can bind specifically to components of the immune system B. Epitopes are the smalles part of an antigen molecule capable of binding to an antibody C. Proteins, carbohydrate | Proteins are the leaset immunogenic molecules due to very few epitopes for antibody recognition
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| Which of hte following organs breaks down worn-out red blood cells? A. Spleen B. Pancreas C. Thymus D. Red bone marrow | Spleen
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| Scalded Skin Syndrome is caused by a toxin producing strain of_________ | Staphylococcus aureus
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| Warts are commonly caused by the: A. Varicella-zoster virus B. Human papillomavirus C. Herpes virus D. HIV | Human papillomavirus
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| Diaper rash in infants is commonly caused by: A. Malassezia furfur B. Actinomyces C. Candida albicans D. Sporothrix schenckii | Candida albicans
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| Leprosy is also known as_______ | Hansen's disease
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| Herpes simplex infections on lips and in the mouth are most commonly caused by: A. HSV-6 B. HSV-1 C. HSV-2 D. HSV-7 | HSV-1
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| Variola virus of the orthopoxvirus family causes the acute, highly contagious disease: A. Ringworm B. Smallpox C. Shingles D. Jock itch | Smallpox
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| Chickenpox and shingles are caused by the virus__________ | Varicella-zoster
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| Which of the following organisms is the causative agent of skin infections and toxic shock syndrome? A. Pseudomonas aeruginosa B. Staphylococcus aureus C. Propionibacterium acnes D. Micrococcus luteus | Staphylococcus aureus
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| Athlete's foot is referred to as: A. Tinea corporis B. Tinea versicolor C. Tinea capitis D. Tinea pedis | Tinea pedis
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| Langerhans cells, which play a role in defense against microbes, are located in the: A. Epidermis B. Dermis C. Hypodermis D. Subcutaneous layer | Epidermis
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| Anthrax is caused by: A. Klebsiella anthracis B. Bacillus anthracis C. Streptococcus anthracis D. Haemophilus anthracis | Bacillus anthracis
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| SARS stands for _________ | Severe acute respiratory syndrome
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| The "strawberry tongue" symptom is often associated with: A. Scarlet fever B. Rheumatic fever C. Pneumonia D. Pharyngitis | Scarlet fever
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| Parrot fever is caused by ____________ | Chlamydia psittaci
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| The three forms of anthrax caused by Bacillus anthracis are _____,_______, and __________ | Gastrointestinal
Inhalation
Cutaneous
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| Influenza is caused by two species of__________ | Orthomyxoviruses
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| Which of the following cannot be and should not be treated with antibiotics? A. Diptheria B. Strep throat C. Common cold D. Tuberculosis | Common cold
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| Legionellosis affects mainly the ______ | lungs
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| Whooping cough is caused by the organism: A. Haemophilus influenzae B. Corynebacterium diptheriae C. Streptococcus pneumoniae D. Bordetella pertussis | Bordetella pertussis
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| Tuberculosis is caused by an organism of the genus: A. Bordetella B. Klebsiella C. Mycobacterium D. Chlamydia | Mycobacterium
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| "Rice water stool," is a characteristic symptom of the disease______ | Cholera
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| Cryptosporidiosis is a parasitic diarrheal disease caused by Cryptosporidium, which is a___________ | Protozoan
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| Staphylococcal intoxication is caused by Staphylococcus________ | aureus
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| There are _________ known froms of gastroenteritis caused by Escherichia coli: A. Four B. Two C. Five D. Three | Five
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| _______ is the largest protozoan parasite of humans | Balantidium coli
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| Many peptic ulcers are due to: A. Shigella boydii B. Salmonella enterica C. Helicobacter pylori D. Salmonella typhi | Helicobacter pylori
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| All of the following are components of the gastrointestinal tract except the: A. Esophagus B. Stomach C. Spleen D. Pharynx | Spleen
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| The human pinworm Enterobius vermicularis lives in the __________ of humans: A. Ileum B. Duodenum C. Rectum D. Transverse colon | Rectum
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| Botulism is caused by ________ | Clostridium botulinum
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| Trichinosis is an infection caused by ingestion of a: A. Nematode B. Bacteria C. Fungus D. Virus | Nematode
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| Poliomyelitis is caused by a virus belonging to the family ______: A. Reoviridae B. Picornaviridae C. Rhabdoviridae D. Bunyaviridae | Picornaviridae
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| To prevent meningitis, routine vaccination in the US is provided against__________: A. Neisseria meningitidis B. Listeria monocytogenes C. Mycobacterium tuberculosis D. Haemophilus influenzae | Haemophilus influenzae
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| Leprosy is caused by the bacterium__________ | Mycobacterium leprae
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| The most virulent of all botulinum toxins is considered to be type: A. B B. D. C. C D. A | A
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| Pneumococcal infection of the middle ear is referred to as _______ | Otitis media
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| Malaria is caused by a protozoan of the genus___________ | Plasmodium
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| "Rabbit fever," a zoonotic disease, is caused by: A. Bartonella henselae B. Yersinia pestis C. Francisella tularensis D. Spirillum minus | Francisella tularensis
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| The bacterium Yersinia pestis is responsible for causing what disease? A. Tonsillitus B. Leprosy C. Rat fever D. Plague | Plague
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| The term used to describe an inflammation of the saclike membrane surrou nd the heart is: A. anemia B. Myocardial infarction C. peritonitis D. Pericarditis | Pericarditis
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| Chaga's disease is caused by____________ | Trypanosoma cruzi
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| Statistics indicate that the rate of UTIs in women increase with ______ and _________ | Age
Sexual activity
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| The group most susceptible to recurring UTIs is: A. Teen-aged girls B. Women C. Normally healthy elderly men D. Teen-aged boys | Women
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| Glomerulonephritis is also called: A. Urethritis B. Bright's disease C. Chaga's disease D. Gastroenteritis | Bright's disease
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| The organism that is primarily responsible for causing cystitis is___________ | Escherichia coli
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| The reverse flow of urine from the bladder up the ureters into the kidneys is called________ | Vesicoureteral reflux
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| A vaginal yeast infection is typically caused by: A. Saccharomyces cerevisiae B. Histoplasma capsulatum C. Candida albicans D. Aspergillus niger | Candina albicans
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| Vaginal infections that are resulting from an overgrowth of normal flora are called: A. Endogenous infections B. Chronic infections C. Fatal infections D. Iatrogenis infections | Endogenous infections
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| The most common bacterial nonsexually transmitted infection of the male reproductive system is: A. Cystitis B. Mastitis C. Prostatitis D. Nephritis | Prostatitis
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| One of the defense mechanisms in place in the organs/tissued of the reproductive tract that prevent microbial infections includes: A. Acidi pH B. High sugar concentration C. High body temperature D. Alkaline pH | Acidid pH
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| Bacterial infections of the female reproductive system include: A. nephritis, endometriosis, vaginitis, and PID B. Vaginitis, toxic shock syndrome, endometriosis, and salpingitis C. Endometriosis, vaginitis, cystitis, and toxic schock syndrome D. Toxi | Vaginitis, toxic shock syndrome, endometriosis, and salpingitis
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| A fetus infected with rubella virus produces which of the following antibodies that can then be detected in the umbilical cord? A. IgM B. IgA C. IgG D. IgD | IgM
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| Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome is most common in: A. Young adults B. Adolescents C. The elderly D. Infants | Infants
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| The virus most commonly transmitted during pregnancy is: A. HIV B. Eppstein-Barr virus C. Herpes simplex virus D. Cytomegalovirus | Cytomegalovirus
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| Infectious diseases in teh adult population are responsible for about one third of all deaths in individuals over the age of: A. 65 B. 55 C. 50 D. 60 | 65
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| In humans, the embryonic phase of development extends from fertilization to the end of week_______, after which the developing infant is called a fetus. A. 2 B. 12 C. 8 D. 6 | 8
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| The most abundant microbe population in soil consists of: A. Fungi B. Helminths C. Bacteria D. Protozoans | Bacteria
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| Category B agents would include: A. Yersinia pestis B. Clostridium botulinum C. Vibrio cholerae D. Francisella tularensis | Vibrio cholerae
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| Which of the following diseases was declared by the WHO in 1980 to be eradication? A. Mumps B. Smallpox C. Pertussis D. Botulism | Smallpox
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| Which of the following is the sixth most abundant element in the universe? A. Hydrogen B. Nitrogen C. Oxygen D. Carbon | Carbon
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| Which of the following zones is present only in the oceans? A. Littoral zone B. Profundal zone C. Benthic zone D. Abyssal zone | Abyssal zone
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