Chap 25-29
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| In the endocrine system, secreting cells send hormones to signal specific | target cells.
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| In _____, one hormone produces the opposite effect of another hormone. | antagonism
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| Hormones can be classified as either | steroid or nonsteroid
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| Which of the following statements is true? | Unused hormones usually are quickly excreted by the kidneys.
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| According to the hypothesis, steroid hormone receptors are not attached to the plasma membrane, but seem to move freely in the nucleoplasm. | mobile-receptor
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| The control of hormonal secretion is usually part of a(n) | negative feedback loop
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| Nonsteroid hormones include | proteins.
peptides.
glycoproteins.
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| When a small amount of hormone allows a second hormone to have its full effect on a target cell, the phenomenon is called | permissiveness
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| Not all nonsteriod hormones operate according to the second messenger model. The exception is the pair of thyroid hormones called | thyroxine and triiodothyronine.
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| If synthesis of new receptors occurs faster than degradation of old receptors, the target cell will have more receptors and thus be more sensitive to the hormone. This phenomenon is called | up-regulation
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| Eicosanoids are a unique group of lipid molecules that include | prostaglandins.
thromboxanes.
leukotrienes.
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| As a group, prostaglandins are involved in overall endocrine regulation through their influence on | adenyl cyclase interaction within the cell’s plasma membrane.
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| Which tissue hormones act as regulators, synthesize blood platelets, and are important in blood clotting? | thromboxanes
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| Which tissue hormones act as regulators of immunity? | leukotrienes
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| The adenohypophysis is divided into which two parts? | pars anterior and pars intermedia
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| The stem-like stalk that connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus is the | infundibulum
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| Which hormone develops the breasts during pregnancy in anticipation of milk secretion? | prolactin
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| The formation and activity of the corpus luteum result from the secretion of | luteinizing hormone.
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| Antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin are stored and released by the | neurohypophysis.
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| The body’s “biological clock” is supported by the | pineal gland.
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| Which hormone increases calcium storage in bone? | calcitonin
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| The primary function of aldosterone is | sodium homeostasis
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| _____ accelerate(s) the breakdown of proteins into amino acids. | Glucocorticoids
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| Which pancreatic hormone tends to promote the movement of glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids out of the blood and into the tissue cells? | insulin
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| The _____ serves as a temporary endocrine gland and produces human chorionic gonadotropin hormone. | placenta
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| Hyposecretion of prolactin can cause | insufficient milk production in nursing women.
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| Which types of cells of the adenohypophysis secrete luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone? | gonadotrophs
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| How does the growth hormone affect metabolism? | promotes protein anabolism
indirectly inhibits glucose metabolism
promotes lipid mobilization and catabolism
indirectly increases blood glucose levels
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| Which hormone prevents the formation of a large volume of urine? | antidiuretic hormone
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| Which of the following is not a formed element found in the blood? | plasma
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| _____ is used to determine the volume percentage of red blood cells in whole blood. | Hematocrit
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| The molecule that makes up 95% of the dry weight of each red blood cell and is responsible for the red pigment is | hemoglobin.
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| Erythrocytes begin their maturation sequence in red bone marrow from nucleated cells known as: | hematopoietic stem cells.
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| A glycoprotein hormone that is secreted to increase oxygen concentration in the tissues is | erythropoietin.
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| Neutrophils are highly mobile and phagocytic. They migrate out of blood vessels and into tissue spaces. This process is called | diapedesis
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| A decrease in the amount of white blood cells is called | leukopenia
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| Platelets play an important role in | blood clotting
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| The term blood type refers to the type of blood cell | antigen
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| A disease that develops as a result of the reaction of a mother’s Rh antibodies with her Rh-positive baby is | erythroblastosis fetalis
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| ____, a natural constituent of blood, acts as an antithrombin and prevents clots from forming in vessels. | Heparin
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| The physiological mechanism that dissolves clots is known as | fibrinolysis.
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| In the extrinsic pathway of stage 1 of the clotting mechanism, chemicals released from damaged tissues trigger the cascade of events that ultimately result in the formation of | prothrombin activator.
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| The heart has its own special covering, a loose-fitting inextensible sac called the | pericardium
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| The bulk of the heart wall is the thick, contractile middle layer called the | myocardium
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| The type of membranous tissue that lines the heart and blood vessels is the | endothelium
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| Atria are often called _____ because they receive blood from vessels called veins. | receiving chambers
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| Mechanical devices that permit the flow of blood in one direction only are called | valves.
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| The heart valves that are located where the trunk of the pulmonary artery joins the right ventricle and where the aorta joins the left ventricle are called | semilunar valves.
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| The free edges of the atrioventricular valves are anchored to the | papillary muscles.
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| After blood leaves the lungs and returns to the heart, it enters the | left atrium.
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| From which vessels do myocardial cells receive blood? | coronary arteries
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| Which division of the autonomic nervous system sends fibers to the heart? | sympathetic
parasympathetic
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| The four structures that compose the conduction system of the heart are the | SA node, AV node, AV bundle, and Purkinje fibers.
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| The normal cardiac impulse that initiates mechanical contraction of the heart arises in the | SA node
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| A graphic record of the heart’s electrical activity is a(n) | ECG.
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| A type of abnormal heart sound that may signify incomplete closing of the valves is | a heart murmur.
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| Which types of arteries are also called conducting arteries and include the aorta? | elastic arteries
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| Microscopic vessels that carry blood from small arteries to small veins are | capillaries.
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| The outermost layer of the larger blood vessels is the tunica | adventitia.
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| Which layer of the larger blood vessels is made up of endothelium? | tunica intima
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| Which sphincters function as regulatory valves that reduce the flow of blood through a network of capillaries when they contract and constrict the arterioles? | precapillary sphincters
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| Blood flow from the heart through blood vessels to all parts of the body and back to the heart is referred to as _____ circulation. | systemic
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| In _____, blood moves from veins to other veins or arteries to other arteries without passing through an intervening capillary network. | vascular anastomoses
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| The _____ is(are) supplied with blood from the left subclavian artery. | head and upper extremities
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| A few arteries open into other branches of the same or other arteries. This is called | arterial anastomosis.
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| The internal iliac artery supplies blood to the | pelvis
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| Blood from the brachiocephalic vein drains into the | head, neck, and upper extremity
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| Renal veins drain blood from the | kidneys.
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| The _____ drains much of the superficial leg and foot. | great saphenous vein
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| During fetal circulation, what opening in the septum, between the right and left atria, directs most of the blood so that it bypasses the fetal lungs? | foramen ovale
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| During pregnancy, what happens to the oxygenated blood returned from the placenta via the umbilical vein? | It flows into the inferior vena cava.
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