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| standing wave | incident and reflected pulses are created with periodic frequency; appears stationary
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| node | point with complete destructive interference (zero energy)
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| antinode | largest amplitude; 1/2 way between nodes
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| infrasonic | frequencies below 20 Hz
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| Ultrasonic | frequencies above 20,000 Hz
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| Pitch | measure of how high or low a sound is; frequency of sound wave
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| wave fronts | 3-D distribution of waves (a sphere)
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| Plane waves | seem like a straight line
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| timbre | quality of tone resulting from the combination of harmonics present at different intensities (sound quality)
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| chromatic scale | 12 note scale; 13th note is twice 1st notes frequency
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| beat | periodic variation in amplitude of sound wave that is the superposition of two waves of slightly different frequencies
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| beat frequency | difference in frequencies of two similar sound waves
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| amplitude | max displacement from equilibrium
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| wave length | distance between identical positions on consecutive waves
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| frequency | number of waves passing a fixed point per unit time
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| period | time required to complete a cycle
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| wave | motion of a disturbance to a medium
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| medium | matter through which wave travels
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| mechanical waves | one that requires a medium to travel through
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| electromagnetic waves | doesn't require a medium
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| pulse wave | wave made of one traveling pulse
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| periodic wave | wave made of periodic and continuing pulses
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| simple harmonic motion | created by continuous pulses (periodic wave); follows rules for sine waves
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| transverse wave | wave with vibration perpendicular to direction of wave's motion
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| longitudinal wave | wave with vibration parallel to motion of wave (sound)
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| sympathetic vibrations | vibration caused by resonance; starts vibrating because of the waves of second object
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| resonance | phenomenon that occurs when the frequency of a force applied to a system matches the natural frequency of vibration of the system, resulting in a large amplitude of vibration
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| fundamental frequency | lowest frequency of vibration of a standing wave; also called 1st harmonic
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| harmonics | fundamental and successive multiples of the fundamental
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| intensity | rate at which energy flows through a unit area perpendicular to direction of the waves motion
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| threshold of hearing | 1000 Hz
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| Threshold of pain | 1.0 W/M^2
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| relative intensity | intensity of wave divided by intensity of threshold of hearing
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| decibel level | measure of loudness
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| compression | high density/peak
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| rarefaction | low density/trough
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| wave speed | distance traveled per time
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| damping | amplitude of a wave diminishes over time due to energy loss
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| super-position | combination of two overlapping waves
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| interference | interaction of two waves
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| constructive interaction | two waves add in same direction
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| destructive interaction | two waves subtract due to a + and - amplitude
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| reflection interaction | bouncing back of a wave at a boundary
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