chemistry 1 exam
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| What is the atomic radius? | One half the distance between the nuclei of 2 atoms of the same element
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| What are the trends from top to bottom of atomic radius? and Why? | Increases, each period on the table adds a new energy level to the electron cloud
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| what are the trends from left to right of atomic radiusand why? | decreases, electrons added to to the same energy level experience increased attraction to the nucleus due to successive addition of protons.
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| What is ionization energy? | Energy to remove an electron from an atom.
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| Whats first ionization? | energy to remove the first elctron from an atom.
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| Whats second ionization? | energy to remove the 2nd electron after the first is removed.
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| Why are electrons harder to remove across from ionization energy? | Because the electrons are closer to the nucleus
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| Why are electrons easier to remove going down the colums for ionization energy? | Because the atoms are larger the electrons are farther away from the nucleus
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| What is electronegativity? | the ability to attract electrons when the atom is a compound
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| The electronegativity going across increases from left to right because | The shared electrons are closer to the nuckeus in small amounts
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| Going up the the electronegativity increases because | The shared electrons aere farther from the nucleus in larger atoms
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| What are teh properties of metals? | solid shinymalleablegood conductors of Heat and electricityAnd ductility
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| Non-metal properties are | dull\brittlepoor conductors can be solid liquid or gasare not conductive, malleable or ductivemostly fases or soft brittle solidsnegative ionsopposite of metals
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| What are metalloid properties | A.k.a semi-metalsBoth metal and non-metal and non metal characteristics
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| When, how, and who published the classiffication system | In 1829 Dobreiner published the classification system by grouping elements into traits and similar chemical properties
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| What were Dmitri Mendeleev's acomplishments? | He was a russian chemist who published the the first table in 1869 and organized by by increasing atomic mass
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| What is the periodic law? | When elements are arranged by increasing atomic numbers, their physical and chemical properties show a pattern
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| What Are Alkile metals? | They are group one combined with non-metals, they all react with moister in the air, they have a silvery apperence and are soft enought to cut with a butter knifelow melting points and are not found as free elements.
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| What are the Alkili earth metals? | The elements of goup 2 harder denser and stronger than alkili metals, they are less reactive than group one but are still too reactive to be found as free elements
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| What are transition metals? | They are the d-block elements they are good conductors of electricity they are harder and denser than group 1 and 2 and they are non-reactive and are often found in nature as a free element
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| What are Halogens? | The elements of group 17 and most reactive non-metal, they react with metals to form salts
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| What are noble gases? | the elements of group 18 abd least reactive of all the elements and they have a complete outer shell
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| What did Democratis do?` | He was the first to beleive in atoms and named them atoms
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| What duid John dalton do | Formulated a precise def of atoms
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| What did J.J thompson do? | he used the Cathode ray tube to find electronshe also used the plum pudding model
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| What did Ernest Rutheford do? | Atoms had a positive proton s=charge
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| What is Chadwick's discovery? | The ratio of was 4:1
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| What are isotopes? | Atoms of a given element do not have the same mass
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| Wha is the difference between Isotopes and Ions? | Ions either gain or lose electrons while the neutrons and protons stay the same the. Isotopes have the same protons and electrons but different neutrons.
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| What did Erin Shrodinger do? | He formulated an equation for which the intensities of electron waves.
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| What is a physicalproperty and what doesnt change? | The property that describes apperence, and the substancwe doesnt change
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| What is chemical property? what changes? | Characterize the ability of a substance to react with other substances or transform one substance to another. The way the atoms are chemically bonded changes
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| What is a homogeneous mixture? | A small AND EVENLY DISTRIBUTED mixture like sugar water
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| What are teh two types of a homogeneous mixture? | A solution which involves a solvent and a solute like tea, and sodaAlso an alloy a solution of metals like brass
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| What is a heterogeneous mixture? | When different particles of different sizes and are un evenly distributed
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| What are the two types of heterogeneous mixture? | A suspension, Particles for layers and are seperated like italian dressing, also a colloid, in different places the layers are not visible like smoke and dairy, products
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| What is the difference between an ionic and covalent bond? | An ionic bond is a bond between a metal and a non-metal by giving and taking electrons, a covalent bond is when 2 non-metals form by sharing electrons
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