Chapter5Terms
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| What is potable water? | Water that is fit for human consumption.
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| What is an aquifer? | An aquifer is a great pool of water trapped in sand and gravel 50-500 feet below the surface.
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| What is surface water? | Surface water is water from lakes, rivers, and reservoirs.
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| What is groundwater? | Groundwater is water pumped from wells that have been drilled into underground aquifers.
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| What is a solute? | Solutes are those substances that dissolve in a solvent.
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| What is a solution? | A solution is a homogeneous mixture of uniform composition.
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| What is a solvent? | A solvent is a substance capable of dissolving other substances.
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| What is an aqueous solution? | Aqueous solutions are solutions in which water is the solvent.
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| What is a mineral? | A mineral is a naturally occurring element or compound that usually has a definite chemical composition, a crystalline structure, and is formed as a result of geological processes.
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| What is concentration? | Concentration is the ratio of amount of solute to amount of solution.
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| What is percent? | Percent is parts per hundred.
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| What is parts per million (ppm)? | Parts per million is 1 part per million.
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| What is a liter(L)? | A liter is the volume occupied by 1000g of water at 4 degrees Celsius.
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| What is meant by parts per billion (ppb)? | Parts per billion is 1 part per billion.
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| What is molarity(M)? | Molarity is defined as the number of moles of solute present in one liter of solution. Molarity(M)= {(moles of solute)/(liter of solution)}
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| What is a volumetric flask? | A volumetric flask is a type of glassware that contains a precise amount of solution when filled to the mark on its neck.
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| What is meant by the term electronegativity? | Electronegativity(EN) is a measure of an atom's attraction for the electrons it shares in a covalent bond.
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| What is a polar covalent bond? | A polar covalent bond is a covalent bond in which the electrons are not equally shared, but rather displaced toward the more electronegative atom.
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| What is an intramolecular force? | An intramolecular force is a force that exists within a molecule.
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| What is an intermolecular force? | An intermolecular force is one that occurs between molecules.
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| What is a hydrogen bond? | A hydrogen bond is an electrostatic attraction between a hydrogen atom bearing a partial positive charge in one molecule and an O, N, or F atom bearing a partial negative charge in a neighboring molecule.
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| What is density? | Density is the ratio of mass per unit volume.
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| What is specific heat? | Specific heat is the quantity of heat energy that must be absorbed to increase the temperature of 1 g of a substance by 1 degree Celsius.
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| What is a conductivity meter? | A conductivity meter is an apparatus that produces a signal to indicate that electricity is being conducted.
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| What's a nonelectrolyte? | A nonelectrolyte is a nonconducting solute when in aqueous solutions.
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| What's an electrolyte? | An electrolyte is a conducting solute in an aqueous solution.
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| What's an ion? | An ion is an atom or group of atoms that has acquired a net electric charge as a result of gaining or losing one or more electrons.
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| What's a cation? | A cation is a positively charged ion.
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| What's an anion? | An anion is a negatively charged ion.
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| A(n) _______ is a chemical bond formed by the attraction between oppositely charged ions. | Ionic bond
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| __________ are made up of electrically charged ions that are present in fixed proportions and are arranged in a regular, geometric pattern. | Ionic compounds
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| _____ tend to form cations by losing their valence electrons. | Metal
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| _____ gain electrons to form anions. | Nonmetals
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| _________ are ions that are made up of two or more atoms covalently bound together. | Polyatomic ions
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| _______ is a compound capable of causing cancer. | Carcinogen
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| ______ is the maximum level of a contaminant in drinking water at which no known or anticipated adverse effect on the health of persons would occur. | Maximum contaminant level goal (MCLG)
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| The ______ sets the legal limit for the concentration of a contaminant. | Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL)
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| A ______ is a graph that is made by carefully measuring the absorbancies of several solutions of known concentration for the species being analyzed. | Calibration graph
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| _______ is a broad general term describing any process that removes ions from salty water. | Desalination
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| _______ is a separation process in which a solution is heated to the boiling point and the vapors are condensed and collected. | Distillation
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| ______ is the natural tendency for a solvent to move through a membrane from a region of higher solvent concentration to a region of lower solvent concentration. | Osmosis
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| ______ is using pressure to force the movement of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane from a region of high solute concentration to a region of lower solute concentration. | Reverse osmosis
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| A(n) _______ is a chemical bond formed by the attraction between oppositely charged ions. | Ionic bond
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| __________ are made up of electrically charged ions that are present in fixed proportions and are arranged in a regular, geometric pattern. | Ionic compounds
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| _____ tend to form cations by losing their valence electrons. | Metal
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| _____ gain electrons to form anions. | Nonmetals
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| _________ are ions that are made up of two or more atoms covalently bound together. | Polyatomic ions
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| _______ is a compound capable of causing cancer. | Carcinogen
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| ______ is the maximum level of a contaminant in drinking water at which no known or anticipated adverse effect on the health of persons would occur. | Maximum contaminant level goal (MCLG)
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| The ______ sets the legal limit for the concentration of a contaminant. | Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL)
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| A ______ is a graph that is made by carefully measuring the absorbancies of several solutions of known concentration for the species being analyzed. | Calibration graph
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| _______ is a broad general term describing any process that removes ions from salty water. | Desalination
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| _______ is a separation process in which a solution is heated to the boiling point and the vapors are condensed and collected. | Distillation
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| ______ is the natural tendency for a solvent to move through a membrane from a region of higher solvent concentration to a region of lower solvent concentration. | Osmosis
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| ______ is using pressure to force the movement of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane from a region of high solute concentration to a region of lower solute concentration. | Reverse osmosis
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