US history regents
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| Proclamation of 1763 | Line created by British that colonists could not cross.
Created to prevent conflicts between colonists and Native Americans.
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| French & Indian War | Colonists fought with Britain against France and its Indian allies
Britain took control of Ohio River Valley
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| Mercantilism | Colonies exist for the benefit of the mother country
Colonies provide natural resources
Britain did not want colonies manufacturing their own goods
Salutary neglect**
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| New England Colonies | Trading and fishing
Rocky soil – no plantations or slaves
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| Southern Colonies | Plantations & slaves
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| Common Sense | Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine
Kings are bad – colonies need independence
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| Natural Rights | Rights that all people are born with (John Locke’s Enlightenment Idea)
Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness
Included in the Declaration of Independence
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| Self Government | Mayflower Compact
Virginia House of Burgesses
Early forms of democracy or republics
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| Declaration of Independence | Written by Thomas Jefferson
Declared colonies’ independence from Britain
Included colonial grievances and natural rights
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| Revolutionary War | War between Britain and the colonists – Taxation without Representation
America won its Independence from Britain
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| Articles of Confederation | First plan for government – (Shay’s Rebellion) failed and replaced by Constitution
National government too weak & State governments too powerful
National government couldn’t collect taxes
Only 1 branch of government – Legislative (Congress)
No Presid
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| Land Ordinances | Land Ordinance of 1785 & Northwest Ordinance
Set a pattern of development of new territories
Provided guidelines for new states to be admitted
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| Constitution | A written plan for government
Replaced the Articles of Confederation
Gave more power to the national government
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| Ratify | To approve
Constitution had to be ratified (approved) before it could be used
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| Federalist/Antifederalist | First political parties
Federalists – favored a strong national (federal) government
*Supported the Constitution
*Wrote the Federalist Papers to gain support for the Constitution
*Led by Hamilton
Antifederalists – favored strong state governments
*W
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| Alexander Hamilton | Wanted a National Bank
Had a plan to get rid of the National Debt
Wanted to strengthen America’s economy
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| Cabinet | President’s advisors
Chosen by the President
Example of Unwritten Constitution
Head of national departments (Ex. Secretary of State)
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| Federalism | Power is shared between the states and the national government
Reserved Powers = State Powers
Delegated Powers = National powers
Concurrent Powers = Shared powers
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| Checks & Balances | Ways that each branch of government can control (check) the other 2 branches.
Examples: veto, impeach, appoint justices, approve appointments, approve treaties, laws ruled
unconstitutional
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| Separation of Powers | National government power separated into 3 branches
o Legislative Branch – Congress
o Executive Branch – President – Commander & Chief
o Judicial Branch – Supreme Court
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| Great Compromise | Compromise between New Jersey and Virginia Plans
Created a bicameral (2 house) legislative branch (Congress)
o Senate – 2 for each state
o House of Representatives – based on a state’s population
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| Unwritten Constitution | Parts of our government that are needed but not actually found in the Constitution
Examples: President’s Cabinet, Political Parties, Judicial Review
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| Amendment | An addition or change to the Constitution
“Flexibility”
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| Elastic Clause | Part of the Constitution that allowed for change – synonym of amendment
Allows government to make laws to fit a changing society – Necessary & Proper Clause
Implied Powers
Examples: Louisiana Purchase, FCC, minimum wage, ect.
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| Electoral College | Each state gets electoral votes, same as number of total representatives
Popular vote in each state determines the electoral votes
Criticized because electoral vote doesn’t always reflect popular vote
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| Bill of Rights | 1st 10 amendments
Anti-federalists wanted it added
Protects our rights from the government
Examples: Freedom of speech, religion, due process – fair trial
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| Washington’s Farewell | Washington wanted the country to stay neutral
Proclamation of neutrality
US was not strong enough to get involved with other countries, might lose new independence
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| Laissez Faire | Government should leave businesses alone, keep their nose out of businesses
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| Lobbying | Special interest groups that influence legislatures to get laws passed
Example of unwritten constitution
Lobbyists are criticized for having too much influence on legislatures
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| John Marshall Court | Supreme Court Justice, all decisions led to the power of the national government increasing
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| Marbury v. Madison | Supreme Court case that established judicial review
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| Judicial Review | Power of the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional
Established by Marbury v. Madison
Example of unwritten constitution
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| Louisiana Purchase | Doubled the size of the US
Bought by Jefferson
US farmers gained control of the Mississippi River and New Orleans
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| Embargo Act | Jefferson passed a law that banned trade with all other countries
Helped keep the US neutral
Hurt the US, was intended to hurt Britain and France
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| War of 1812 | War between Britain and the US
Britain was impressing US sailors and arming Native Americans
Francis Scott Key wrote “Star Spangled Banner” about battle of Fort Mchenry
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