Science ch.2 all
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| photosynthesis | The process by which plants and some other organisms capture the energy in sunlight and use it to make food.
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| pigment | A colored chemical compound that absorbs light
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| chlorophyll | A green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and some bacteria
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| stomata | Small openings on the underside of a leaf through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move.
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| autotroph | An organism that makes its own food.
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| heterotroph | An organism that cannot make its own food.
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| What are the raw materials needed for photosynthesis? | Carbon Dioxide, and Water
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| What are the products? | Glucose and Oxygen
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| How do plants get energy? | They capture the sun's energy
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| How do animals get energy? | They capture the sun be eating plants or animals that eat plants.
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| What role does chlorophyll play in photosynthesis? | Chlorophyll and some other pigments work in a manner like of the solar "cells" in a solar powered calculator.
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| Where is chlorophyll found? | In the chloroplasts of plants.
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| List three ways that autotrophs were important to you today. | -Provide oxygen
-provide food for us
-Provide food for other animals that we eat.
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| respiration | The process by which cells break down simple food molecules to release the energy they contain.
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| fermentation | The process by which cells break down molecules to release energy without using oxygen.
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| Why is respiration important for a cell? | While respiration is happening cells are breaking down food like glucose and releaseing the energy that they have. Living things always need energy thats why they go through repiration.
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| Explain the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration. | Photosynthesis and respiration are both things that occur in living things. They both happen so that living things can keep living.
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| Which raw material is not needed for fermentation to occur? | A raw material that is not need for fermatation to occur is the sun, they do not need energy from the sun.
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| How do plants and animals maintain the level of oxygen in the atmosphere? | Animals breathe in oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide.
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| Do plant cells need to carry out respiration? Explain. | Yes, because all living things have to carry out respiration.
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| cell cycle | The regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo.
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| interphase | The stage of the cell cycle that takes place before cell division occurs; during this stage, the cell grows, copes its DNA, and prepares to divide.
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| replication | The process by which a cell makes a copy of the DNA in its nucleus.
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| mitosis | The stage of the cell cycle during which the cell's nucleus divides into two new nuclei and one copy of the DNA is distributed into each daughter cell.
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| chromosome | A doubled rod of condensed chromatin; contains DNA that carries genetic information.
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| chromatid | One of the identical rods of a chromosome.
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| cytokinesis | The final stage of the cell cycle, in which the cell's cytoplasm divides, distributing the organelles into each of the two new cells.
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| cancer | A disease in which some body cells grow and divide uncontrollably, damaging the parts of the body around them.
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| mutation | A change in the gene or chromosome.
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| tumor | A mass of abnormal cells that develops when cancerous cells divide and grow uncontrollably.
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| chemotherapy | The use of drugs to kill cancer cells.
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| Describe three ways that cancer can be treated. | Surgery- when cancer is detected usually most doctors think of having to do surgery (best way.) In surgery the doctors try to remove the cancerous tumor.
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| Describe three ways that cancer can be treated. | Radiation- If the tumor can not be removed through surgery the doctors use radiation (high energy waves.) Cancer cells that are fast growning are more likely to be destroyed by radiation then normal cells.
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| Describe three ways that cancer can be treated. | Drugs- The drugs spread throughout the body and kill cancer cells or slow the growth of them down.
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| What two health habits can help prevent cancer? | 2/3 of cancer is caused by tobacco or unhealthy diets. When people repeatedly expose their bodies to the chemicals in tobacco their cells become damaged. Cancer can result of this.
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| What two health habits can help prevent cancer? | Unhealthy diet also can lead to cancer and can be a concerning as cancer deaths. Most diets high in fat can result in cancer. Eating fatty meats and fried foods is very bad for you.
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| How could smoking tobacco cause cancer to develop inside the lungs? | Having their bodies exposed to the chemicals in tobacco can cause people to have lung cancer.
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