study guide shampooing and haircutting chapters
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| Reference Points | Mark where the head's surface changes, such as the ears, jawline, occipital bone, and apex.
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| Parietal Ridge | also known as the crest area, is the head's widest area, starting at the temples and ending at the bottom of the crown
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| Occipital bone | protrudes at the base of the skull
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| Apex | the highest point on the top of the head
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| Four corners | points on the head that signal a change in the shape of the head, from flat to round or vice versa
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| Top | By locating the parietal ridge, you can find the hair that grows on the top of the head. This hair lies on the head shape. Hair that grows below the parietal ridge, or crest, hangs because of gravity.
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| Front | By making a parting, draw a line from the apex to the back of the ear, you can separate the hair that naturally falls in front of the ear from the hair behind the ear.
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| sides | Includes all hair from the back of the ear forward, below the parietal ridge
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| nape | At the back part of the neck and consists of the hair below the occipital Bone.
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| back | By making a parting or drawing a line from the apex to the back of the ear, you can locate this area which consists of all the hair that falls naturally behind the ear.
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| bang (fringe) | A triangular section that begins at the apex and ends at the front corners.
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| lines | A thin continuous mark used as a guide.
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| horizontal | These are parallel to the horizon or the floor. Direct the eye from one side to the other. These lines build weight and are used to create one-length amd low-elevation haircuts and to add weight.
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| vertical | Usually describe in terms of up and down and are perpendicular to the floor; they are the opposite of horizontal. Remove weight to create graduated or layered haircuts and are used with higher elevation.
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| diagonal | Are between horizontal and vertical. They have a slanting or sloping direction. Used to create fullness in a haircut and to blend long layers into short layers.
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| sections | The hair is parted into uniform working areas.
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| horseshoe section | separates the head at the parietal ridge to below the crown, enhances control when layering or graduating hair
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| pivoting section | also referred to as pie shaped section; rotates from a central point; used for layering and graduating
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| profile section | center forehead to center nape; divides head in two sections (right and left); facilitates subsectioning
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| radial section | section that is taken from ear to ear and divides the head from front to back, starting behind the apex in the crow
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| Angle | space between two lines or surfaces that intersect at a given point
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| elevation | The angle or degree at which a subsection of hair is held, or elevated, from the head when cutting.
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| graduation | Elevation occurs when a section is lifted above 0 degrees.
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| high elevation | builds weight
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| guidelines | A section of hair that determines the length the hair will be cut.
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| interior guide | inner or internal line of a haircut
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| perimeter (outer) guide | outer line of a haircut
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| traveling guide | Moves as the haircut progresses. Used when creating layered or graduated haircuts. The guideline travels with you as you work through the haircut.
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| stationary guide | Does not move. All sections are comes to this guideline and cut at the same angle and length. Are used in blunt haircuts, or in haircuts that use overdirection to create a length or weight increase.
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| cutting line | Moves as the haircut progresses. Used when creating layered or graduated haircuts. The guideline travels with you as you work through the haircut.
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| overdirection | Occurs when you comb the hair away from its natural falling position, rather than straight out from the head. Mostly used in graduated and layered haircuts, and where you want to create a length increase in the design.
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| density | The number of individual hair strands on 1 square inch of the scalp. Described as thin, medium, or thick.
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| texture | The number of individual hair strands on 1 square inch of the scalp. Described as thin, medium, or thick.
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| wave pattern | the shape that the strand forms in its natural state. It can be straight, wavy, or curly.
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| straight hair | reflects light better than other patterns; it reflects the most light when cut to a single length
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| growth pattern | The direction in which the hair grows from the scalp.
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| neckline | the hair that grows along the outermost perimeter of the neck
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| crown | the area between the apex and the back of the parietal ridge. Prone to cowlicks and whorls
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| forehead | use this to determine the correct face shape that best fits your client
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| tension | The amount of pressure applied when combing and holding a subsection. Created by stretching and pulling the subsection.
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| curly hair uses ? tension | less
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| Fringe uses ? tension | very little to no
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| Straight hair uses ? tension | more
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| Use ? and ? partings when cutting hair. | consistant and clean
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| Position clients head ? when cutting zero degree to avoid ? | down
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| Keep hair wet to avoid hair from being cut ? | uneven
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| surfactant | also known as base detergent; cleansing or surface-active agents used in a variety of products, including shampoo
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| soft water | Is rain water or chemically softened water that contains only small amounts of minerals and, therefore, allows soap and shampoo to lather freely
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| hard water | Is water that contains minerals that reduce the ability of soap or shampoo to lather
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| what does pH measure? | whether a solution is alkaline, acidic, or neutral.
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| what is considered acidic? | will have a pH ranging from 0 to 6.9
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| what is considered alkaline? | will have a pH of 7.1 or higher, stronger and harsher
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| Balancing shampoo | Shampoo designed to wash away excess oiliness while preventing the hair from drying out
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| clarifying shampoo | alkaline shampoo. can be used when product buildup is evident, after swimming, and before chemical services because they remove excess oils and residual minerals that cling to the hair
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| protein | helps temporarily strengthen the hair as it cleanses.
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| what is the ideal pH of hair? | between 4.5 and 5.5
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| sulfate free shampoo | soap free shampoos, are formulated with little to no alkaline soap base. generally gentle on artificial haircolor and beneficial for maintaining the hair's natural oils. favorable on all hair types
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| humectant | Substances that absorb moisture or promote the retention of moisture
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