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Common cause of infection in implanted catheters and heart valves Coagulase (-) Antibiotic: vancomycin

S. epidermidis

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E. faecium & E. fecalis can be a,B or y hemolytic Part of normal fecal flora Cause of nosocomial infections (with antibiotic resistance) Antibiotic: ampicillin

Enterococci

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Common cause of infection in implanted catheters and heart valves Coagulase (-) Antibiotic: vancomycin

S. epidermidis

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Apart of normal flora Most virulent Catalase (+) Coagulase (+) Local & deep skin infections Sepcticemia Toxic shock syndrome Antibiotic: MRSA-vancomycin, MSSA-oxacillin

S. aureus

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Group A beta-hemolytic Catalase (-) Acute pharyngitis (strep) GAS (w or w/o necrosis) streptococcal shock syndrome Antibiotic: penicillin (strep)

S. pyogenes

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Group B beta-hemolytic Commonly found in vaginal tract Can be transmitted during birth Leadinf cause of neonatal septicemia and meningitis Prophylactic antibiotic treatment Antibiotic: prophylaxis ampicillin

S. agalactiae

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Capsule Pili Pneumolysins Most common cause of CA pnuemonia (also otitis media, sepsis & meningitis Antibiotic: amoxicillin

S. pneumoniae

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Pleomorphic (club shaped) Found in poorer areas grown on media containing tellurite Produces AB toxin inhibiting EF-2 -> cell death Upper respiratory tract infection -> psuedomembrane dTap vaccination

Corynebacterium diptheriae

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Can form endospores (highly resistant) Infections through skin abrasions ( on occasion inhalation anthrax) Used in bioterrotism (Category A) Exotoxins (edema and lethal toxin) Cutaneous and pulmonary anthrax Antibiotic: ciprofloxacin

Bacillus anthracis

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Intracellular pathogen Found in ice cream, cheese, ground meat & poultry Commonly infects pregnant, fetuses, newborns, immunocompromised Control of actin filaments Causes meningitis & septicemia Antibiotic: ampicillin or penicillin

Listeria monocytogenes

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Oxidase (+) Opacity proteins Grown on Thayer-Martin chocalate agar Only uses glucose as carbon source Sexually transmitted Opthalmia neonatorum Antibiotic: ceftriaxone

Neisseria gonorrhea

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Oxidase (+) Gonococcal lipopolysaccharides Serogroups and serotypes (B and C) Utilizes glucose and maltose Trasmitted through respiratory droplets Children <1 at most risk Meningitis (with rash) Septicemia 3rd gen cephalosporin

Neisseria menigitidis

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Oxidase (-) Strain types based on structural antigens (O, H, K) Most common casue of urinary tract infections (UPEC) Antibiotic: nitrofurantoin

Escherichia coli

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Common cause of travelers diarrhea Transmitted through fecal-oral route Release heat stable and heat labile (heat stable increase cAMP similar to cholera toxin

E. coli (ETEC)

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Cause of diarrhea in infants (dirty areas) Pedestal development Watery diarrhea Non-invasive infection

E. coli (EPEC)

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Shiga-like toxins 1 or 2 Bloody diarrhea O157:H7 most common serotype Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) Antibitotics not recommended

E. coli (EHEC)

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Produce H2S Associated with eggs, poultry & turtles Serotypes associated with Typhi and Typhimurium Invasion of M cells, intracellular pathogen Spread through fecal-oral route Gastroenteritis Enteric or Typhoid fever Antibiotic: ceftriaxone

Salmonella

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Cause of shigellosis Spread by fecal-oral route Humans only natural host Low #s needed for infection Shiga toxin Invasion & destruction of LI Bloody diarrhea HUS Antibiotic: ceftriaxone

Shigella

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Other GI Gram (-) Rods Curved, spiral or S-shaped Darting motility Fecal-oral contamination Cytotoxin & enterotoxin Acute enteritis Antibiotic: azithromycin

Campylobacter Jejuni

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Other GI Gram (-) Rods Curved, single polar flagella Growth media has NaCl O antigens from LPS Aquatic environments (seafood and cuts) Cholera, Soft tissue infection (necrosis) Antibiotic: doxycycline+ceftazadime

Vibrio

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Other GI Gram (-) Rods Cholera disease Consumption of raw or undercooked seafood Contaminated water Cholera toxin Rice water stool Antibiotic: doxycycline

Vibrio cholerae

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Other GI Gram (-) Rods Curved or spiral Produce urease (neutralizes stomach acid) Cytotoxin Acute gastritis Duodenal and gastric ulcers Gastric carcinoma & B-cell lymphoma Antibiotic: metronidazole+tetracycline

Helicobacter pylori

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Other Enterobacteriaceae UTI & Bacteremia in hospital patients (drug resistant) Antibiotic: 3rd or 4th gen cephalosporins

Klebsiella

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Other Enterobacteriaceae UTIs in hosptial patients and can be multi-drug resistant

Serratia

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Gram (-) plemorphic rod Requires factor x and V for growth Humans only natural host Capsule Leading cause of meninigitis in children Vaccine available

Haemophiluis influenzae

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Gram (-) coccobacilli Can be transmitted to children not vaccinated AB toxin Catarrhal/Paroxysmal phase Whooping cough Vaccine /azithromycin

Bordetella pertussis

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Gram (-) rod Atypical cause of CAP Prevents phagolysomal fusion Legionnaires disease, Pontiac fever Antibiotic: azithromycin

Legionella pneumophila

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Gram (-) nonfermenting rod Oxidase (+) Produces pyocyanin Legionnaires disease, Pontiac fever Several virulence factors/biofilm multi-drug resistance Localized/Systemic infections Antibiotic: pipercillin/tazobactam

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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Gram (-) coccobacilllus Respiratory system, middle ear, eye, CNS & joint infections

Moraxella catarrhalis

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Gram (-) coccbacillus Important cause of nosocomial infections (HA pneumonia)

Acineotobacter baumanii

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Gram (-) corkscrew/helical shape No LPS Lyme disease Antibiotic: doxycycline

Borrelia burgdorferi

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Gram (-) corkscrew/helical shape No LPS Antigenic variation of surface proteins Syphalis, Congenital syphalis CNS degeneration Antibiotic: Penicillin IV

Treponema pallidum

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Gram (-) obligate intracellular parasites Serotypes- trachoma, neonatal conjunctivitis Antibiotic: doxycycline

C. trachomatis

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Gram (-) obligate intracellular parasites Atypical cause of CAP Antibiotic: azithromycin

C. pnuemoniae

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Slender rods, acid fast Mycolic acids Cell wall suflolipids Antibiotic resistance Tubercle formation (Granuloma) Reactivation can cause immunosuppression 6-12 month treatment Antibiotic: RIPE therapy

Mycobacteria tuberculosis

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No cell wall CARDS toxin - AB toxin Atypical cause of CAP Antibiotic: azithromycin

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

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Gram (+) large rods, anaerobic Enterotoxin A and B Antibiotic associated diarrheas Pseudomembranous colitis Antibiotic: vancomycin

Clostridium difficile

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Gram (+) large rods, anaerobic Vegetative form apart of normal flora alpha toxin, enterotoxin Myonecrosis (gas gangrene) foodborne illness Antibiotic: penicillin+clindamycin

Clostridium perfringens

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Gram (+) large rods, anaerobic Most potent toxin known AB toxin category A bioterrorism agent Flaccid paralysis Classical, Infant botulism Antitoxin available

Clostridium botulinum

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Gram (+) rods with terminal spores Infection after puncture wound Tetanus toxin - AB toxin Cause of tetanus - spastic paralysis Vaccine available Antibiotic: metronidazole

Clostridium tetani

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Created by: jadavid2026