NBE3U1 Vocabulary
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| Aboriginal peoples | Defined as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada, but the term Indigenous is used instead, because Aboriginal implies not-original/not native to the land.
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| Colonialism | The empire-building expansion of Europe into the rest of the world during the last four hundred years, in which a dominant or ruling country carried on a relationship of control and influence over colonized nations.
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| Colonization | The process of gaining control over a country and turning it into a colony
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| Indigenous | Always capitalized. Avoid possessive terms like Canada's Indigenous peoples or our Indigenous people, since it implies ownership.
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| Marginalization | To push someone to the edges of society by putting and keeping them in a powerless or unimportant position
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| Métis peoples | People of mixed First Nations & European ancestry
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| Positionality | The recognition that where you stand in relation to others in society shapes what you can see and understand in the world
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| Post-colonialism | A study of the effects of colonialism on cultures and societies
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| Self determination | The process by which a person controls their own life, and is a cardinal principle in international law
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| Self-governance | A system in which a community or nation has the right to govern itself and to control the administration of its land, people, and resources
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| Settler | A person who migrates to an area and establishes permanent residence, often displacing Indigenous populations
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| Socially dominant group | The social group with the greatest access to power. This group determines the social standards
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| Sovereignty | Independent control or authority over a particular area or territory
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| Systematic discrimination | When the political and social structure of a society embeds discrimination in its laws, policies, and social institutions. Not always about race
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| Time immemorial | Refers to a point of time in the past that was so long ago that people have no knowledge or memory of it
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| Two-spirited | An Indigenous person who possesses both a masculine and feminine spirit
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| Assimilation | A gradual process by which a person or group belonging to one culture adopts the practices of another, thereby becoming a member of that culture
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| Cultural appropriation | Occurs when members of the dominant culture use elements of a subordinate culture (ex. symbols, practices, artwork...). What is appropriated loses its cultural significance and is reduced to «exotic» fashion or toys by members of the dominant culture
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| Decolonization | The process of undoing colonialism and colonial practices. It involves challenging the colonizing practices that have influenced and continue to influence all elements of our society
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| Discrimination | Action based on prejudice. Includes excluding, ignoring, avoiding, ridiculing, threatening, making jokes, using slurs, using violence, and giving unfair treatment
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| Genocide | Deliberate actions of a nation or group of people to exterminate another nation or group
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| The Indian Act | The Federal law that regulates Indians and reserves and sets out certain federal government powers and responsibilities regarding First nations and their reserved lands. The first Indian Act was passed in 1876, and has since undergone numerous amendments
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| Reservation | A tract of land set aside under the Indian Act and treaty agreements for the exclusive use of an Indian band.
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| Prejudice | Attitudes or beliefs and unfair bias towards or against a person or group that is not based on fact or reason
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| Privilege | Special rights, advantages, and immunities granted only to specific individuals or to members of specific social groups.
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| Segregation | An aspect of systemic discrimination that involves legally, and unfairly, dividing members of society, forcing them to live apart from each other.
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| Stereotype | To believe unfairly that all people or things that share a certain characteristic are exactly the same; an oversimplified idea or image of what a specific social group is like
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| Treaty | A formal agreement made between the Government of Canada, Indigenous groups and often provinces and territories that define ongoing rights and obligations on all sides
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| Turtle Island | For some indigenous peoples, Turtle Island refers to the continent of North America. The turtle is considered an icon of life, and the story of Turtle Island consequently speaks to various spiritual and cultural beliefs
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| World view | A particular philosophy of life or conception about the world. The Western world view is considered hierarchical and linear in nature, whereas the Indigenous world view is one of interconnectedness and cyclical development
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