APUSH: Chapter 14 (Two Societies at War (1861-1865)) Vocab
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| Crittenden Compromise | attempt to prevent Civil War by Senator Crittenden , offered Constitutional amendment recognizing slavery in territories south of the 36ยบ30' line, noninterference by Congress with existing slaves, compensation to the owners of fugitive slaves
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| Total war | A war that involves the complete mobilization of resources and people, affecting the lives of all citizens in the warring countries, even those remote from the battlefields.
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| draft (conscription) | The Confederacy impose the first legally binding.
1. New laws required existing solders to serve for the duration of the war and mandated three years of military service from all men between the ages of 18 and 35
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| Habeas Corpus | An order to produce an arrested person before a judge.
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| King Cotton | Expression used by Southern authors and orators before Civil War to indicate economic dominance of Southern cotton industry, and that North needed South's cotton. Coined by James Hammond
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| greenbacks | Used in the Legal Tender Act of 1862. was the Name for Union paper money not backed by gold or silver. Value would fluctuate depending on status of the war (plural)
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| "contrabands" (p. 463) | Slaves who fled plantations and sought protection behind Union lines during the Civil War.
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| Radical Republicans | After the Civil War, a group that believed the South should be harshly punished and thought that Lincoln was sometimes too compassionate towards the South. consisted of salmon chase, charles sumner, and thaddeus stevens.
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| Emancipation Proclamation | Issued by abraham lincoln on september 22, 1862 it declared that all slaves in the confederate states would be free
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| Scorched Earth Policy | Grant and Sheridans tactic of burning crops and killing livestock during wartime so that the enemy cannot live off the land
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| War Democrats | Sub-division of democratic party. Consist of patriotically supported the Lincoln administration. These democrats did not pose as big a threat to the Union as the Peace Democrats or copperheads. had vowed to continue fighting until the rebellion ended
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| Peace Democrats | Sub-division of the fractured democratic party. Tens of thousands who did not support the Lincoln Administration. The hippies of the civil war. called for "the cessation of hostilities" and a constitutional convention to negotiate peace.
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| Hard War/Total War | The philosophy and tactics used by Union general William Tecumseh Sherman, by which he treated civilians as combatants.
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| Sherman's March to the Sea | during the civil war, a devastating total war military campaign, led by union general William Tecumseh Sherman, that involved marching 60,000 union troops through Georgia from Atlanta to Savannah and destroying everything along there way.
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| Abraham Lincoln | 16th President saved the Union during the Civil War, emancipated the slaves; was assassinated by Booth (1809-1865) helped preserve the United States by leading the defeat of the secessionist Confederacy; an outspoken opponent of the expansion of slavery.
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| Jefferson Davis |
Mississippian, former U.S senator/secretary of war . An American statesman and politician who served as President of the Confederate States of America for its entire history from 1861 to 1865
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| Robert E. Lee | Confederate general who had opposed secession but did not believe the Union should be held together by force. was a colonel, career officer who resigned from the US army and became the confederates general
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| George McClellan | general for north command of Army of the Potomac 1861; "Tardy George" because of his failure to move troops to Richmond; lost battle vs. General Lee near the Chesapeake Bay; Lincoln fired him twice. Won against the war of Antietam, but let Lee escape.
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| Ulysses S. Grant | an American general and the eighteenth President of the United States (1869-1877). He achieved international fame as the leading Union general in the American Civil War.
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| William Tecumseh Sherman | 2nd most important Union General who introduced total war in "the march to the sea." He destroyed crops, towns, and farms everywhere he went.
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