CHEM 6 PT
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| thermochemistry | The branch of chemistry that studies the heat transfers that accompany chemical or physical changes
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| Factors that affect reaction rate | the temperature of the system, the concentration of the reactants, the inherent properties of the reactants, the presence of a catalyst, and the surface area of the reactants
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| Factors that don't affect reaction rate | the reaction's color, the reaction's force, the experiment's location, and the container used
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| enthalpy | The total amount of energy in a thermodynamic system
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| reaction mechanism | The overall sequence of steps that composes a chemical reaction
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| activated complex | A transitional substance that results when a reactant bonds are broken, and persists while product bonds are being formed
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| calorimetry | The measurement of enthalpy changes caused by chemical reactions, changes of state, or the formation of a solution
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| reaction spontaneity | A reaction's tendency to occur without an outside force or energy being applied to sustain the reaction
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| Chemical thermodynamics | the study of the relationship between heat and work within chemical reactions or physical changes of state
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| standard molar enthalpy of formation | the amount of heat energy transferred when one mole of a compound is formed from its component elements in their standard states
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| first law of thermodynamics | The law that states a thermodynamic system's total amount of energy remains constant, is also called the law of conservation of energy.
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| standard state | A substance's state, solid, liquid, or gas, at room temperature (25°C or 298 K) and a pressure of 100 kPa
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| Gibbs free energy | The type of free energy that is a thermodynamic function and measures a system's capacity to perform work
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| entropy | a measure of the energy unavailable to perform work, is also the measure of randomness, or disorder, of a thermodynamic system
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| spontaneous reaction | a chemical reaction in which the reactants are converted into products without the constant addition of energy from outside the thermodynamic system to sustain the reaction
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| Rules that apply to Hess's law | CHECK Q2
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| Statements that don't apply to hess's law | "No thermochemical equation can ever be reversed to calculate enthalpy, even if the value is changed" and "If a reaction contains intermediate steps, the overall enthalpy is equal to the last step where the enthalpy changed."
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| Activation energy | The minimum amount of energy needed to begin a chemical reaction
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| reaction rate | The change in concentration of reactants or products in a chemical reaction per unit of time.
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| reaction kinetics | The field of chemistry that deals with reaction mechanisms and reaction rates.
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| Standard molar enthalpy of reaction | the amount of heat transferred when the number of moles of reactants specified in a chemical equation is completely converted into products.
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| Standard molar enthalpy of combustion | The amount of heat transferred during the complete combustion of one mole of a reactants in its standard state.
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| Hess's Law | The overall enthalpy change in a reaction is the same whether it occurs in one step or a series of steps.
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| Law of conservation of energy | The total amount of energy in a thermodynamic system remains constant.
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