Final Study Questions
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| If the DNA in a cell consists of 20% adenine, then it will also contain ____guanine | 30%
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| How does the spread of viruses differ between plants and animals? | Viruses must penetrate through cell walls of plant cells and not animal cells
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| Initiation, elongation, and termination are the three steps in | transcription and translation
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| What type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosomes? | transfer RNA
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| Amanatin is a toxin found in the death cap mushroom, Amanita phalloides. It inhibits RNA polymerase, thus blocking | transcription
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| Oral infections with herpes simplex virus 1 can lie dormant in nerve cells for years. When a patient becomes stressed the virus is released, forming cold sores on the lips. Why would the virus form a cold sore? | to spread to a new host
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| In DNA molecules, | cytosine pairs with guanine
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| Oral infections with herpes simplex virus 1 can lie dormant in nerve cells for years. When a patient becomes stressed the virus is released, forming cold sores on the lips. Whiles lying dormant, the virus is in which of the following states? | latent
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| a tRNA molecule is "bilingual" because it binds to | codons of mRNA and amino acids
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| What does not refer to mitosis | formation of gametes
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| apoptosis could be used to protect an organism against | excessive DNA damage
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| In the section" investigating life:Evolutionary strategies in the Race Against Cancer," what did the researchers conclude? | declining does therapy led to the smallest tumors
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| The phase of mitosis is which the centromeres split and sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the cell is | anaphase
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| the two main stages of the eukaryotic cell cycle are | interphase and mitosis
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| the genome of an organism is all of its | generic material
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| the division of the nucleus during the eukaryotic cell cycle is | mitosis
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| sexual reproduction and meiosis generate genetic variability by | random fertilization, crossing over, random alignment
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| what process leads to siblings only sharing, on average, 25% of their genetic material? | random orientation
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| why is it essential that meiosis produce haploid cells? | to prevent the number of chromosomes from doubling each generation
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| if a diploid sperm fertilizes a diploid egg it will produce a ___ zygote | tetraploid
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| Genes A and B are on the same chromosome. What gametes could an individual with the allele combination AABB produce? | AB
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| meiosis is a process that produces | sperm cells, egg cells, gametes, haploid cells
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| people who have a single X chromosome are female, while those with XXY sex chromosomes are males. in order to be a female, a human | cannot have a Y chromosome
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| Chromosomes that look alike and carry the same genes are | homologous chromosomes
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| In studies of the genetic basis of language, FOXP2 sequences differed the most between mice and | humans
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| Proteins that initiate transcription in eukaryotes by recognizing sequences within the promoter region of a gene and attracting RNA polymerase are called: | transcription factors
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| The correct sequence of stages of viral replication is | attachment, penetration, synthesis, assembly, release
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| in a eukaryotic cell, mature mRNA contains | a nucleotide cap, poly A tail, and exons
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| The step of translation in which a mRNA, a small ribosomal subunit, and the initiator tRNA are aligned together is | initiation
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| the double helix of DNA is composed of building blocks called | nucleotides
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| What molecule holds instructions for the synthesis of proteins and copies itself before cell divison | DNA
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| Which is a common cause of cervical cancer | human papillomavirus
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| which of the following is correct about both binary fission and meiosis | both replicate the DNA before the cell splits
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| Eukaryotic chromosomes become visible with a light microscope before cell division because they | become more tightly wound
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| the first sign of cytokinesis in an animal cell is the formation of a | cleavage furrow
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| DNA and its associated proteins in the nucleus is referred to as the | chromatin
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| the correct sequence for the phases of the eukaryotic cell cycle is | interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
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| The chromosomal designation for a human male is | XY
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| 2n is an abbreviation for | diploid
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| If you were looking at a diagram of the male human body and were asked to locate the germ cells, you would point to the | testes
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| if you were told that you would get extra credit for finding a model showing chromosomes separating while sister chromatids were still attached, you would look for a model of | anaphase 1
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| the process by which homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material | is crossing over
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| The process that merges the gametes from two parents is | fertilization
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| a cell having one or more complete sets of extra chromosomes is a | polyploid
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| meiotic cell division replicates a cell's DNA ___ and then divides ___ | once, twice
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| If E. coli bacterium are grown in the presence of lactose | the repressor will not bind the operator, thus allowing transcription of the lac operon genes
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| An infectious protein is a | prion
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| the step of translation in which amino acids are added to the growing polypeptide is | Elongation
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| The "central dogma" of molecular biology described by Watson and Crick describes | the directional flow of genetic information in cells
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| in a "frameshift" mutation | the mutation is caused by and addition or deletion of one or more nucleotides
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| the splitting of a cell into two daughter cells in the eukaryotic cell cycle is | cytokinesis
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| one of two identical attached copies of a replicated chromosome is called a | chromatid
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| A discrete package of DNA and associated proteins in eukaryotes is a | chromosome
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| meiosis is a process used for | production of gametes
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| adaptive therapy aims to combat ___ amongst cancer cells that leads to tumor growth continuing even after therapy treatments | competition
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| when DNA replicated | one strand of the original DNA ends up in each of the new DNA molecules
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| In an asexual life cycle, cells produced by | mitosis
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| bypassing a checkpoint in the cell cycle may result in a cancer cell | continuing to divide and replicate with faulty DNA
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