Study guide
Help!
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| What are the reactants and the products in the equations for photosynthesis and respiration? | Photosynthesis reactants=carbon dioxide and water
Photosynthesis products=glucose & oxygen
Respiration reactants=glucose & oxygen
Respiration products=carbon dioxide & water
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| What are the organelles in a plant that take in the sunlight to change it into usable energy? | Chloroplasts are the organelles that change sunlight to usable energy.
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| What process do plant cells need to conduct in order to create usable energy after photosynthesis? | Plants need to conduct the process of cellular respiration.
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| What molecule is needed by all cells in order to produce energy? | Glucose which is broken down and the energy captured in ATP molecules
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| What substance is used to build and repair cells, organelles and tissues? | Proteins
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| What is the importance of proteins to the body? | needed to build and repair cells, organelles and tissues. They are also used to help regulate various body processes & they fight off foreign invaders (like infections).
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| What is the importance of water to the body? | helps get rid of waste, helps absorb nutrients, dissolve minerals, lubricate joints, it cushions sensitive tissue, like bones brain and spinal cord, makes saliva and mucus, delivers oxygen all over the body, regulates body temp, and prevents kidney fail
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| What is the significance of vitamins to the body? | molecules the body needs to function properly and avoid disease
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| What is the importance of Lipids to the body? | needed for energy, building cell membranes, insulation of organs, protection of nerve cells
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| What is the importance of Carbohydrates to the body? | -needed for energy, to maintain sugar and fat levels in the bloodstream, to
function as fiber
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| What is the significance of minerals to the body? | smaller molecules needed to help various body functions (maintain electrolyte
balance, form bones & teeth)
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| What are the 3 components (macronutrients) that make up 100% of your calorie needs? | Carbohydrates, Protein & Lipids (fats)
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| Explain the difference between simple and complex carbohydrates and how the body uses them. | Simple carbohydrates are foods that do not have long chains of of sugar molecules, complex carbohydrates are long chains of simple sugars
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| What is an enzyme ? | An enzyme is a protein that acts as a catalyst in living organisms. Enzymes regulate the rate at which chemical reactions happen without altering the actual reactions.
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| What are the building blocks of proteins? | Amino Acids
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| What is the amount of calories found in each macronutrient (per gram)? | Carbohydrates: 4 calories per gram
Protein: 4 calories per gram
Lipids (fats): 9 calories per gram
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| Describe vitamins and minerals why they are important. | Vitamins are larger molecules than minerals which are small inorganic molecules. Both help to regulate processes and aid in the proper function of the body’s systems.
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| What is the difference between chemical and mechanical digestion? Give examples of each. | Mechanical digestion occurs when food is physically broken into smaller pieces such as happens in the mouth during chewing and in the stomach. Chemical digestion happens as a result of chemical changes due to acid in the stomach and the action of enzymes.
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| Where is the energy found in a cell? | Mitochondria
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| Describe some of the life choices that are involved in being healthy and having optimal functions of all body systems | Eat a well balanced diet that includes all the major nutrients and maintain an active lifestyle
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| What are some of the health problems linked to an unhealthy lifestyle (no exercise & not eating a well balanced diet)? | Obesity, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, metabolic disorder
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| Thermal Energy | The total heat energy in a body
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| Metabolism | Metabolism is the set of chemical reactions involved in storing fuel (food) molecules and converting fuel (food) molecules into energy
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| Toxic substances | Substances harmful to the human body
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| Cellular Respiration | the process of breaking down food using oxygen to release energy
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| What does BMR stand for and how much of the energy from cellular respiration does it use daily? | Basal Metabolic Rate, about 60% of all of the body’s energy.
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| What happens to most of the energy not used to carry out life processes? | It becomes thermal (heat) energy or gets stored as fat.
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| What foods are rich in protein? Carbohydrates? | Proteins-meats, beans, legumes, eggs, dairy
Carbohydrates-fruits, starchy vegetables (potatoes, corn, beans), rice, breads
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| Why is fiber an important part of a healthy diet? | It helps maintain proper sugar and fat levels and keeps food waste products moist in the intestines so it can pass through the large intestine and out of the body easily.
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| How do cellular respiration and digestion impact the body? | Cellular respiration provides energy from our foods and digestion breaks down macromolecules in food so they can be used
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Created by:
Gabi_school