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| What are the 3 main functions of the respiratory system (anatomical organization)? | The anatomical organization of the respiratory system allows the respiratory system to perform 3 main functions: 1)Air conduction, 2)Air filtration, and 3)Exchange of games. (also called respiration)
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| What are 3 parts of the pharynx? | Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, laryngopharynx
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| Identify the hard palate vs. the soft palate. | The hard palate and the soft palate separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity inside the mouth.
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| True or false: the rings that cover the trachea are a complete circle. | False,: the cartilaginous rings of the trachea do not meet on the posterior side.
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| Label the anterior view of the lungs. (A, B, C, D and E) | A. Larynx
B. Cartilaginous rings of the trachea
C. Bronchi
D. Left lung
E. Bronchioles
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| Label the posterior view of the larynx ("voice box"). (A, B, C, D, E, F, and G) | A. Epiglottis
B. Thyroid cartilage
C. Larynx
D. Vocal cords
E. Cricoid cartilage
F. Trachea
G. Cartilaginous rings of the trachea
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| What important steps need to happen during the swallowing process to prevent aspiration? | 1. The larynx rises and
2. The trachea is closed by the epiglottis. The epiglottis moves inferiority, covering the trachea (to prevent food or liquid from entering the lungs).
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| Why does the soft palate elevate during swallowing? | The upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages during swallowing.
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| What is the glottis? | An opening in the larynx where the vocal cords (vocal folds) are located.
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| What is aspiration? | Food or liquid that accidentally enters the trachea (then lungs).
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| True or false? The left lung has 3 lobes. | False. The left lung has 2 lobes. The right lung has 3 lobes.
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| Name 2 functions of the pleura. | Facilitates movement of lungs with body wall. Enclosed the lungs/ pleural cavity.
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| What is the major histology type in the respiratory system? | Ciliated pseudo - stratified columnar epithelium
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| What is the name of the "floor" of the epithelium in the respiratory tract? | Basement membrane
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| Why are the cells in the respiratory epithelium called columnar cells? | "Rectangular" in shape; taller than they are wide
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| What are the wine - glass shaped mucous - producing cells? | Goblet cells
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| Where can stratified squamous epithelium be found in the respiratory system? | Vestibule of the nose
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| Describe the purpose of surfactant | Covers the luminal surface and keeps the alveoli from sticking together during exhalation
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| List and describe the 2 types of alveolar epithelium | Type 1 form the very thin simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli in just cation with capillaries.
Type 2 produce and secrete pulmonary surfactant which is needed throughout the alveolar surface to keep the alveoli open. In addition, Type 2 cells can di
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| What is the most abundant cell found within the alveoli? | Alveolar macrophages
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| Explain the steps necessary for inhalation | Negative pressure is used to move air into the lungs: A negative pressure environment is created inside the lungs by the pleural space. The motion of the rib cage: the rib cage lifts superiorly and anteriorly to open and expand the lungs. The diaphragm: i
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| What is meant the "negative pressure" is created inside the lungs? | This means that the pressure inside this space is less than that of the atmosphere, allowing air to naturally flow into the lungs
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| True or false: Exhalation is an active process | Exhalation (or expiration) passively occurs when the rib cage is lowered and the diaphragm rises, thoracic pressure increases and therefore air moves out of the lungs where the pressure is lower
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| What is the function of hemoglobin? | To combine with the oxygen entering the blood to carry the oxygen in the blood system from the lungs to the cells of the tissues
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| What muscle is largely responsible for providing movement for respiration? | The diaphragm
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| Ultimately gas exchange occurs where? | Respiratory bronchioles and pulmonary alveoli
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| Most carbon dioxide is transported in the blood in what form? | Bicarbonate ion
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| Boyle's law states what? | Gas volume is inversely proportional to pressure
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| There are 3 gases in a tank. The partial pressure of the first is 120 mmHg, the pressure of the second is 320 mmHg. What is the partial pressure of the third at 1 atm? | 120 mmHg + 320mmHg = 440 mmHg
760 mmHg -440 mmHg = 320 mmHg
The answer is 320 mmHg. *** Remember that 1 atm = 760 mmHg
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| This law helps explain why warming the air is beneficial to the respiratory system | Charles's law
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| This is the amount of air able to be exhaled beyond normal exhalation | Expiratory reserve volume (typically around 1200mL)
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| This is the amount of air inhaled and exhaled in one cycle of quite breathing | Tidal volume (TV)
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| What is Cystic fibrosis? | A serious genetic disease of excretory glands, affecting lungs and other organs; it causes production of very thick mucus that interferes with normal digestion and breathing
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| What is pulmonary edema? | An accumulation of fluid in the lungs
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