endocrinology & glucose homeostasis
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| name 5 functions the endocrine system is responsible for: | metabolism, body temp, reproduction, growth & development
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| list 7 major organs/structures/ glands that are in the endocrine system | hypothalamus, pineal gland, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, ovary testis
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| explain difference between positive and negative feedback loop: | positive feedback : the response reinforces stimulus sending parameter farther from setpoint
negative feedback: response counteracts stimulus shutting off response loop
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| what are the mian difference between hormone and neuron signaling? | hormone uses chemical messengers secreted blood by epithial cells forming endocrine glands
neuron signaling uses electrical impulses send messages through neurons
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| the command center for the endocrine system is the _ | hypothalamus
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| how is the release & the results of the release of anterior pituitary hormones different from the release of posterior pituitary hormone(ADH & oxytocin) | anterior lobe produces & releases hormones. posterior lobe doesnt produce hormones done by nerve cells in hypothalamus but does relase them in circulation
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| ADH and oxytocin are released from the _ to the _ then directly into the __ | neurosecretory cells, pituitary gland, bloodstream
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| why is it importatn that a postive feedback loop occurs during childbirth? | releases of oxytocin stimulates muscle contractions that push baby through birth canal. releases of oxytocin results in stronger or augmented contractions in labor
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| when glucose levels are high in blood stream (after eating a meal) how is glucose homeostasis regulated? | when blood sugar rises cells in pancreas release insulin causing body to absorb glucose from blood &lowering blood sugar level to normal
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| when glucose level is low in blood stream (during fasting) how is glucose homestasis regulated ? | when blood sugar levels drop pancreas releases glucagon to raise them balance helps provide enrgy to cells preventing damage
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| type 1 diabetes (5-10% of all diabetes cases): | genetic conditon often shows up early in life; body attacks cells in pancreas means it cannot make only insulin
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| type 2 diabetes (90% of all diabetes cases): | mainly lifestyle relates & develops over time; body unable make enough insulin or insulin you do make doesnt work
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| prediabetes | have higher than normal blood sugar level, not enough to be considered tyoe 2 diabetes. (can develop into type 2 but not type 1)
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| pathway results in release of thyroid hormone: | hypothalamus, TRH, anterior pituitary, TSH, TH
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| pathway results in release of cortisol hormone: | CRH, anterior pituitary, ACTH, adrenal gland, secrete cortisol
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| pathway results in release of testosterone hormone: | hypothalamus , GnRH, anterior pituitary, LH, testosterone;
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| the effects of the thyroid hormone that can affect the body | increase a persons BMR & increase heat production (regulating rate which body uses calories, energy)
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| the effects of the cortisol hormone that can affect the body | provide bosy w/ fuel by breaking down catabollism materials of body ( enhances brain use of glucose & increases availability of substances repair tissue)
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| the effects of the testosterone hormones that can affect the body | responsibel for male sex drive & secondary sex characteristics( increase body hair, depper voice, muscle mass, etc.)
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| example of postive feedback | are contractions in childbirth & a ripening of a fruit
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| example of negative feedback | inculdes regulation of blood glucose levels & osmoregulation
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| endocrine system | uses chemical signaling (hormones, produced by glands.)
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| nervous system | uses electrical signaling ( neural impluses) signal transmission is fast because neurons are interconnected
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Created by:
nora.michele