Physics Review
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| "Smart rocks" are considered for: | Ballistic missile defense
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| One watt is equivalent to: | One joule/second
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| The asteroid that killed the dinosaurs exploded because: | It got very hot from the impact
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| Kinetic Energy can be measured in: | Watts
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| Which of the following statements is true? | Power is energy divided by time
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| For each of these, mark whether it is a unit of energy (E) or power (P): A. Horsepower B. Kilowatt-hour C. Watt D. Calorie | Horsepower: P
Kilowatt-hour: E
Watt: P
Calorie: E
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| Hybrid vehicles run on: | Electric power and gasoline
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| What is the main reason that hydrogen-driven automobiles have not replaced gasoline ones? | Hydrogen is too difficult to store in an automobil
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| Compared to an equal weight of gasoline, U-235 can deliver energy that is greater by a factor of (choose the closest value): | One million
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| Which of the following contains the most energy per gram? | Uranium
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| Compare the energy in a kilogram of gasoline to that in a kilogram of flashlight batteries: | The gasoline has about 70 times MORE energy
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| What is least expensive-for the same energy delivered? | Coal
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| The kinetic energy of a typical 1-gram meteor is approximately equal to the energy of: | 150 grams of TNT
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| Coal reserves in the United States are expected to last for: | Hundreds of years
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| A limitation for all electric automobiles is: | Low energy density per battery
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| Solar power is about (choose all that are correct): | 1 kW per square meter
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| The efficiency of inexpensive solar cells is closest to: | 12%
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| A human, running up stairs, can briefly use power of approximately: | 1 horsepower
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| A 12-oz can of soft drink (not the "diet" or "lite" kind) contains about: | 150 calories
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| A large nuclear power plant delivers energy of about: | 1 gigawatt
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| Electricity from a AAA battery costs the consumer about: |
$1000 per kilowatt-hour
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| Electricity from a wall plug costs the consumer about: | 10 cents per kWh
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| The energy per gallon (not per pound) of liquid hydrogen compared to gasoline, is about: | 3x less
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| Most of the hydrogen we use in the United States comes from: | It is manufactured from fossil fuels and/or water
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| You have 10 tungsten bulbs, and each uses 100 watts. You leave them all on for an hour. The energy used is: | 1 kWh
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| The kinetic energy of a bullet, per gram, is (within a factor of 2): | About the same as the energy released from 1 gram of TNT
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| If you double the energy content of a kilogram of gas, the temperature of the gas (measured on the absolute K scale): | Doubles
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| About how fast are molecules in air moving? | 1000 ft/sec
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| Temperature is the measure of: | Average kinetic energy
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| In a bucket of water, the instantaneous speed of the molecules is closest to: | Approximately 1000 ft/s
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| A refrigerator operating in a room: | Warms the room
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| A refrigerator with its door open is operating in a room. It: | Warms the room
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| A table has the same temperature as the air above it. That means that the molecules in the air and in the tables have: | The same average energy
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| Ice melts at: | 0 C
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| A gas heater warms a room mostly through: | Convection
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| The velocity of sound: | Increases when the temperature increases
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| If a gasoline engine produces a hotter explosion, then the efficiency of the engine should: | Go up
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| A cup full of water and made of plastic feels warmer then one made of glass because: | Plastic conducts heat less than glass
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| The atom with the fewest number of protons is: | Hydrogen
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| How many atoms are there in the width of a human hair? About: | 125,000
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| The speed of sound is approximately: | 1000 feet per second
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| Put a hot glass in cool water. The glass shatters because: | The outer surface of the glass contracts rapidly, but the inner part doesn't
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| Sea level is rising from global warming. The main cause is: | Expanding sea water
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| The temperature warms by 2 C. That is approximately the same as: | 4 F
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| Heat a room using the least energy by: | Using natural gas to run a heat pump
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| There is almost no hydrogen gas in the atmosphere because: | It escapes Earth's gravity
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| At March 10, if all the energy of a meteorite went into heating the meteorite, it's temperature would be about: | 30,000 C
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| The New Orleans levees failed because: | They were weaker at the thermal expansion joints
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| If temperature rises by 5 C = 9 F, then the rise in sea level will be about: | 12 feet
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| For a typical auto, the fraction of the gasoline energy wasted as heat is about (careful, this may be a trick question): | 80%
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| The temperature in the sun: | Is not well defined
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| When a material is cooled: | some materials contract and some expand
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| The melting temperature of an object is usually: | equal to its freezing point
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| Absolute zero is the temperature of | nothing
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| When a liquid boils, the increase in volume (liquid to gas) is typically a factor of | 1,000
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| If the temperature of a gas in a container goes from 0 C to 300 C the pressure will | becomes 300 times greater
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| Firewalking is similar to | water on saucepan
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| For gasoline to explode, it needs | to be mixed with oxygen
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| To be more efficient, the temperature difference (between the ignited hot fuel and the cool part of the engine) should be | as large as possible
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| Heat flow through empty space (no atoms present) | occurs through radiation
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| Entropy (optical topic) measures | disorder
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| Molecular motion stops at | 0K
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| At high velocities, most of the fuel used in an automobile is used to overcome | air resistance
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| Balloons rise until | the surrounding air becomes too dense
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| At an altitude of 200 km, the downward force of gravity on an Earth satellite is | a little bit weaker
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| Airplanes fly (maintain their altitude) by | pushing air downward
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| Rockets fly by | pushing fuel donward
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| The storm surge in a hurricane comes from | low pressure
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| When an astronaut in space sneezes, his head is snapped back with higher velocity than on Earth, because | wrong! his head is not snapped back with higher velocity
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| A rail gun | doesn't really accelerate things
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| The Sun would be a black hole if it were squeezed into a radius of | 2 miles
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| The method that would take the least energy to get something to space is | lifting it by elevator (if elevator existed)
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| If an artificial satellite orbited the Earth at 240,000 miles (the distance to the Moon), it would orbit the Earth in a period of | 1 month
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| The time it takes a geosynchronous satellite to orbit the Earth is | 1 day
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| The force of gravity between two people standing next to each other is | small but mesurable
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| You can see where the tropopause is by | looking at the tops of thunderstorms
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| If satellites fly too low, they will crash because | of stronger gravity
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| Ice-skaters spin faster by pulling in their arms. This illustrates that | angular momentum is conserved
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| Someone firing a rifle is pushed back by the rifle. This illustrates that | momentum is covered
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| A problem with rail guns is that | the high accelerations can cause damage
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| The maximum acceleration of the space shuttle is about | 3 g's
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| The lowest practical altitude for a satellite orbiting the Earth is about | 600 miles
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| For very high velocities, the best kind of rocket to use is | ion rocket
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| The altitude of a geosynchronous satellite is closest to | 22,000 miles
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| Skyhook, if built, is | a way to get into space using less enegy
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| If you fall for one second, your speed will be approximately | 22 mph
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| Artificial gravity can be created in a spaceship by | accelerating the ship
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| Orbital velocity is about | 5 miles per second
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| The Sun is mostly hydrogen, yet the Earth has very little hydrogen gas. That's because | it escaped to space
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| The orbit of GPS is | MEO (middle earth orbit)
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| A geosynchronous satellite orbits the Earth | once every 24 hours
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| A typical spy satellite can continuously observe a location on the ground for about | one minute
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| Compared to the weight of the payload, the fuel used in a rocket to orbit typically weighs | over 20 times more
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| *A cubic meter balloon can lift | about one gram
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| Spy satellites usually fly at | Leo
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| Energy in the Sun is produced primarily by | fusion
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| The mass of the nucleus is closest to | 99% of that in the entire atom
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| Radioactivity in the Earth leads to | energy for volcanoes, helium for toy balloons, heat for geysers
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| LD50 refers to a | lethal dose
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| A major reason that your body is not radioactive is that | you eat radioactive carbon in your food
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| The primary cause of death from the Hiroshima bomb was | the blast from the bomb
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| Fission fragments are | among the most dangerous kind of radiation
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| **Wine made from fossil fuels is not radioactive because | the radioactivity has decayed away
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| If the half-life of an element is big, that means that | it decays slower than one with a small half-life
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| Muller wears a wristwatch with tritium in the watch hands because | the levels of radiation that emerge are safe
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| After three half-lives, the fraction of nuclei remaining is | 1/8
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| Most of the elements found on the Earth were created | in the first few million years of the Earth's existence
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| The fraction of the US population that dies from cancer is typically | about 1 in 5
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| Watch dials containing radium glow because | the radiation hits a phosphor
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| Choose all the items that derive from radioactivity | helium for children's balloons
volcanic lava
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| After four half-lives, the surviving tritium atoms are removed. Compared to completely new tritium atoms, they are expected to live | exactly as long
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| One rem of radiation does takes how many gammas per square centimeter | about 2 billion
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| Which requires the larger dose | cancer
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| The linear hypothesis is | widely used even though it is not proven
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| A Sievert is how many rem | 100
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| Cancer is lower in Denver because | we don't know why
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| The number of deaths from the Chernobyl accident is about | 24,000
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| Radioactivity is used in | smoke detectors
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| Neutron activation is used | to search for rare atoms
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| Dirty bombs may be less of a threat than people fear, because | dirty bombs require plutonium, and that is hard for terrorists to obtain
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| Radioactivity in the Earth is responsible for | helium we use in balloons
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| Volcanic heat comes from | fusion deep in the Earth
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| The best way to measure the age of an ancient bone is | radiocarbon dating
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| An RTG (radioisotope thermoelectric generator) is | carried in satellites for power
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| Uranium is found on Earth, even though it is radioactive. That's because | it has a very long half-life
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| Carbon-14, compared to carbon-12 | has more protons
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| Alexander Litvinenko was assassinated with | plutonium
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| The radiation from cell phones | does not cause cancer
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| The threshold for radiation illness is about | 100 rem
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| The natural radioactivity (rate of nuclear decays) in a typical human body is closest to | 4000 per second
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| The source of energy in the Sun is | fusion of hydrogen
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| Which of the following is most toxic per gram | Plutonium
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| The radioactivity from your own body | does cause cancer, but at a very low rate
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| Drinking alcohol is required to be radioactive because | it shows that the alcohol was "aged"
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| Recent reports discussing the population bomb | indicate that the explosion is slowing
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| A one-kiloton nuclear weapon, exploded at ground level would destroy | about 1 square kilometer of a city
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| For an atomic bomb, the number of doublings required is closest to | 80
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| An implosion-type bomb is required for | a Pu-239 bomb
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| Moore's law relates to | computer chip capacity
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| Which of the following does not represent exponential growth | illness from anthrax
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| The statement that the Chernobyl accident will kill 24,000 people is based on | the linear hypothesis
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| A moderator is something that | slows neutrons
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| The dangerous radioactivity in fallout comes from | fission fragments
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| Fallout is much worse if the bomb | is exploded near the ground
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| A nuclear reactor cannot explode like a nuclear bomb because | the nuclear reactor depends on slow neutrons
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| According to the text, the least bad place to put nuclear waste is | underground
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| A breeder reactor is designed to produce | Plutonium
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| The number of nuclear weapons that the US had was closest to | 10,000
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| PCR has been used to | identify children of Thomas Jefferson
check the guilt of convicted murders
identify victimes of 9/11
identify the fathers of children
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| The hiroshima bomb used | a gun design
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| If the water moderator is lost from a nuclear reactor, | the chain reaction will increase, causing a reactivity accident
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| The material that might be "reprocessed" from nuclear waste is | Pu-239
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| Which of the following is not a good example of the doubling law | future population growth
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| The Canadian Candu reactors use | deuterium
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| Plutonium can explode with few generations that can uranium because | plutonium fission releases more neutrons.
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| In a nuclear power plant, the matieral that runs through the turbine is | steam
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| The number of deaths from the Nagaski bomb is estimated to be | 50,000 to 150,000
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| The smallest container that could contain one critical mass of plutonium is | coffee mug
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| The bomb dropped on Hiroshima used as its fuel | Uranium
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| Saddam Hussein planned to enrich uranium using | Calutrons
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| A centrifuge enrichment plant takes an area of about | one large classroom
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| Pcr involves | DNA
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| One of the most dangerous radioactive matierals from fallout is | Sr-90
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| The term China Symdrome refers to | meltdown of the nuclear fuel
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| Depleted uranium is a useful substance because | an artillery shell made from it is very penetrating
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| PCR was used to learn about | descendants of Sally Hemmings
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| Another name for the H bomb is | thermonuclear bomb
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| A nuclear explosion similar to the one produced by North Korea would destroy | the size of a college campus
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| Cold fusion | has been seen in laboratory experiments
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| At Three Mile Island | some of the uranium fuel melted
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| What distinguishes a breeder reactor from other reactors is that | it makes more fuel than it uses
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| Jupiter is not a star because | it isn't massive enough
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