chapt 2&3 vocabulary
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| autotroph | organism that captures energy from sunlight or inorganic substances to produce its own food provides the foundation of the food supply for other organism; also called a producer
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| heterotroph | organism that cannot make its own food and gets in nutrients and energy requirements by feeding on other organisms also called a consumer
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| herbivore | heterotroph that eats only plants
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| carnivore | heterotroph that preys on other heterotrophs
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| omnivore | heterotroph that consumes both plants and animals
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| detritivore | heterotroph that decomposes organic material and returns the nutrients to soil, air, and water, making the nutrient available to other organism
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| trophic level | each step in a food chain or food web
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| food chain | simplified model that shows a single path for energy flow through an ecosystems
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| food web | model that shows many interconnected food chain and pathways in which energy and matter flow through an ecosystem
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| biomass | total mass of living matter at each trophic level
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| matter | anything that takes up space and has mass
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| nutrient | chemical substance that living organisms obtain from the environment to carry out life processes and sustain life
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| biogeochemical cycle | exchange of matter through the biosphere involving living organisms, chemical processes, and geological processes
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| nitrogen fixation | process in which nitrogen gas is captured and converted into a form plant can use
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| denitrification | process in which fix nitrogen compounds are converted back into nitrogen gas and returned to the atmosphere
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