CH 1-3 Terms
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| Juan de Sepulveda | A lawyer who served as the Emperor's Chaplain snd official historian in the court of King Charles V. He debated against Bartolome de las Casas against the treatment of Native Americans
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| Coureurs de bois | A french Canadian dur trader who traded illegally without a license from the Quebec government. Built a relationships with the natives that would later help in the French and Indian war
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| Seigneuries | A system of dividing land to use for farming used in a part of Canada known as New France. A wealthy settler would divide the land into smaller strips and rent them to farmers and less wealthy settlers. Encouraged people to settle in New France
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| Mestizos | Someone who is half white (European) and half Native American
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| Mulatos | Someone who is half white (European) and half black (African)
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| Bartolome de las Casas | Spanish landowner who was the first to expose the oppression of indeginous people by the Europeans.
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| Enclosure Movement | Fencing off of communal lands into individual holdings, often for wealthy landowners. Caused larger wealth gaps and resulted in homeless populations.
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| John White | Led a voyage to establish a permanent colony oon the coast of present day North Carolina (Roanoke). He left to gather supplies from England for the colony and when he returned Roanoke was abandoned.
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| Glorious Revolution | Overthrow of King James (Catholic) who was replaced by his daughter, Mary (protestant). Set a precedent of the remova of a monarch and put more power in the hands of parliament.
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| Cahokia | The Cahokia Mounds are the largest pre-columbian settlement north of Mexico. They were built by the Mississippians as monuments for political and religious ceremonies
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| Encomiendas | The Encomienda system was used by the Spanish as a form of unpaid labor against the natives. The Spanish settlers would promise military protection to the natives and try to convert them to Christianity.
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| Antinomianism | Antinomianism is the name used for the teachings of Anne Hutchinson, who claimed that the leaders of Massachusetts and the clergy did not have the right to their authority, calling the non-elect
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| Joint Stock Company | A company made up of a group of shareholders. Each shareholder contributes some money to the company and receives some share of the company's profits and debts. Plymouth, Virginia, and Massachusetts were all made by joint stock companies
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| Headright System | The headright system was implemented to solve the labor shortage problem in the colony of Jamestown by encouraging families to migrate together.
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| Jacob Leisler | Jacob Leisler was a Protestant Dutch immigrant who led a revolt against the crown’s agent in New York after King James II was overthrown.
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| Act of Toleration | This legal document allowed all christian religions in Maryland, Which was important because it paved the way for religious freedom in America.
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| Dominion of New England | The dominion of New England was when the colonies New York, Massachusetts, connecticut, plymouth, and east and west jersey formed together by King James the 11 came together to make one huge colony.
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| Sir Edmund Andros | The appointed governor of the Dominion of New England. He was hated by the colonists because of his enforcement of the Navigation Acts and his unfair, strict rule.
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| House of Burgessses | On July 30, 1619, it was established in Jamestown as the very first elected representative assembly in America, setting a precedent for later colonies and ultimately the United States.
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| Anne Hutchinson | A spiritual leader in Massachusetts who challenged men by preaching to men and women. SHe questioned puritan teachings about salvation and protested the clergy's authority. One of the founders of Rhode Island.
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| Coode's Rebellion | Overthrew Maryland's proprietary government, Thsi resulted in catholic christainity being banned until 1776
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| Huguenots | Huguenots were French Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who followed the teachings of John Calvin.
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| Phyllis Wheatley | The first women American slave to have to work published. She was educated by her owners and went on to have many of her poems successfully published
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| Primogeniture | The right of succession belonging to the firstborn child. This prompted the younger children to explore and colonize in order to gain their wealth
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| Cotton Mather | A New England puritan who greatly impacted the Harlem Witch Trials. He also promoted the incultaion of the smallpox vaccine
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| Stono Rebellion | A large slave uprising in South Carolina. This was the largest and most significant slave rebellion because it scared slave owners in the south and forced them to come up with harsher slave polocies.
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| Gullah | Name of a race and language of the people who live in the coutry region of South Craoline and Georgia. They are well known for preserving more of their African heritage.
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| Saugus Ironworks | Birthplace of the American iron and steel industry. Located in Massachusetts
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| Fundamental Order of Connecticut | a general court to govern the towns of Hartford, Windsor, and Wethersfield. The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut stated the powers and limitations of the government.
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| Juan de Onate | A spanish conquistador known for establishing New Mexico and his primary mission of spreading Roman Catholicism
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| Slave codes | The slave codes were laws that were passed to keep slavery alive after it had been banned. These laws included that Africans could not gather without a white person nearby, they could not learn how to read or wright, and they could not buy land
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| John Peter Zenger Trial | John Peter Zenger was arrested for publishing something in his newspaper and during his trial he pleaded guilt but the jury found him not quilty. This trial led to the freedom of the press in the colonies.
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| Act of Toleration | The Act of Toleration was a law passed in Maryland that allowed the practice of any christain religion as long as it would please the Lord. First taste of religious freedom in the colonies
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| Mayflower Compact | A set of rules for self-governance established by the english settlers who travelled to the new world on the Mayflower
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| John Winthrop | n English Puritan lawyer and one of the leading figures in founding the Massachusetts Bay Colony,
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| Theocracy | a system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god.
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| Pequot War | The Pequot war was fought between the Peublo Indians and the settlers in the Massachusetts Bay colony over the struggle to control trade.
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