GCSE Combined Science Physics
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| 1The energy stored in food, fuel and batteries? | Chemical energy
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| 2The energy stored in moving objects? | Kinetic energy
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| 3The energy stored in hot objects | Thermal energy
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| 4The energy stored in stretched ,squashed or twisted objects? | Elastic potential energy
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| 5The energy stored in objects above the ground? | Gravitational potential energy
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| 6The energy stored inside atoms | Nuclear energy
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| 7 State the law of conservation of energy | Energy is neither created nor destroyed; it is simply changed from one form to another.
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| 8. The unit of energy | Joule
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| 9 What do Sankey diagrams show? | Shows the amount of energy transferred
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| 10 How much heat is wasted in the Sankey diagram for the device shown below. | "50J = 36J +Thermal
Thermal = 50J – 36J
Thermal = 14J
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| " 11 Describe the change in energy store when you climb up a diving board and jumps into a pool. | "Going up the climb GPE increases
Diving GPE decreases and KE increases
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| " 1The energy stored in food, fuel and batteries | Chemical energy
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| 2The energy stored in moving objects | Kinetic energy
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| 3The energy stored in hot objects | Thermal energy
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| 4The energy stored in stretched ,squashed or twisted objects | Elastic potential energy
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| 5The energy stored in objects above the ground | Gravitational potential energy
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| 6The energy stored inside atoms | Nuclear energy
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| 7 State the law of conservation of energy | Energy is neither created nor destroyed; it is simply changed from one form to another.
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| 8. The unit of energy | Joule
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| 9 What do Sankey diagrams show? | Shows the amount of energy transferred
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| 10 How much heat is wasted in the Sankey diagram for the device shown below. | "50J = 36J +Thermal
Thermal = 50J – 36J
Thermal = 14J
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| " 11 Describe the change in energy store when you climb up a diving board and jumps into a pool. | "Going up the climb GPE increases
Diving GPE decreases and KE increases
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| " 1 How is energy transferred during conduction? | Vibrations passes between particles in a solid.
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| 2 Materials that allow heat to pass through the easily are called | Thermal conductors
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| 3 Materials that do not allow heat to pass through the easily are called | Thermal insulators
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| 4 Which 2 states of matter does convection occurs in? | Liquid and gas
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| 5 Together what are these two states called | Fluids
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| 6 How is heat transferred by convection | The warmer part of the fluid rises and the cooler part moves in to take its place, setting up a convection current
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| 7 What property of infra-red radiation allows it to reach us here on Earth from the sun? | Infrared radiation can pass through a vacuum
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| 8 What surfaces are good absorber and emitters of infra-red radiation? | Black ,dull, rough surfaces
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| 9 8 What surfaces are poor absorber and emitters of infra-red radiation? | Light, shiny polished surfaces
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| 10 What is the Thermal conductivity of a material? | A measure of how well materials conduct heat
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| 11 What 3 things affect the rate of energy transfer thro ugh a material? | Thickness of the material, Thermal conductivity of the material and temperature difference across the material.
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| 12 How can heat loss through a material be reduced? | Reduce the thermal conductivity, reduce the difference in temperature and Increase the thickness and
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| 1 Energy associated with objects above the surface of the earth | Gravitational Potential energy
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| 2. The formula for calculating the amount of energy in number 1 | E = mgΔh
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| 3 What does each of the terms in the equation in number 2 stands for with their units. | E is gravitational potential energy units J, m is mass units kg , g is gravitational field strength units N/kg and Δh is change in height units m
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| 4 Calculate the Gravitational potential energy in a mass of 2kg raised 3m from the ground | E = mgΔh E = 2kg x 10N/kg x 3m E= 60J
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| 5 A 0.5kg box gains 80J of energy from being raised above the top of a table. How high above the table the box raised? | "E = mgΔh Δh = E/mg
Δh = 80J/0.5kgx10N/kg Δh =16m
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| " 6. Energy associated with motion | Kinetic energy
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| 7 The formula for calculating the energy in number 6 | E = 0.5mv2
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| 8 What does each term in the equation in number 7 stands for with their units | E is the kinetic energy m is the mass and v is the velocity
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| 9 Calculate the kinetic energy in a body of mass 2kg travelling with a velocity of 15m/s. | "E = 0.5mv2 E = 0.5x 2kgx (15m/s)2
E = 225J
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| " 10 What is the mass of a bike travelling at 10m/s ,with 500J of energy | "E = 0.5mv2 m =2E/ v2 m= 2 x 500J/(10m/s)2
E = 10 kg
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| " 11. A 250g boulder is rolled and attains 12.5J of energy . At what speed is the bolder rolling? | "Change 250g to 0.25kg E = 0.5mv2
V = 2 2E/m V = 10m/s
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| " 12. 5KJ of energy was supplied to raise a 200kg car into the air via a cable. How high was the car raised? | E = mgΔh Δh = E/mg Δh = 5000J/200kgx 10N/kg Δh = 2.5m
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| 1 What are non-renewable energy? | Energy resources that will run out
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| 2 Two main sources of non-renewable energy | Fossil Fuels and Nuclear energy
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| 3 What are fossil fuels? | Energy from the remains of dead plants and animals buried under high pressure and temperature for millions of years
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| 4 Three examples of fossil fuels | Coal, oil and natural gas
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| 5 Two example of nuclear fuel | Uranium and Plutonium
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| 6 The main gas released during the burning of fossil fuels | Carbon dioxide
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| 7 The gas released in number 5 is a type of | Greenhouse gas
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| 8. What is the main effect of the gas released in number 5 | Contributes to global warming
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| 9 Why are non-renewable fuels great energy resources | They yield a large amount of energy from a small mass of the resource.
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| 10 Two advantages of using nuclear fuel over fossil fuel. | "1 No carbon dioxide is produced
2 releases much more energy per unit mass than fossil fuel.
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| " 11 Two disadvantages of using nuclear power station over fossil fuel power station. | "1 Difficult to dispose of radioactive waste
2 Very expensive to decommission radioactive plant at the end of its life.
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| " 12 State two reasons why countries are trying to reduce the amount of non-renewable energy they use. | "1 To protect the environment
2 conserve on the natural resources of the Earth.
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| " 1 What are renewable energy resources? | Energy resources that will not run out
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| 2 What is solar energy | Energy from the sun
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| 3 What are solar cells | Converts solar energy directly into electrical energy.
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| 4 How is hydroelectricity generated | Falling water from places where it is trap in high reservoirs.
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| 5 Two disadvantages of hydroelectric power stations | "1 Available at all times
2 Can stop and start very easily
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| " 6 How tidal power station works | Turbines in a huge estuary across a river turns as the river runs in and out.
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| 7 Two disadvantage of wind turbine | "1 They spoil the landscape
2 Cannot generate electricity if the wind speed is too fast or too slow.
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| " 8 What is bio fuel made from | Animal waste and dead plants
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| 9 Why are some Bio fuel carbon neutral | They release the same amount of Carbon Dioxide when burnt as they remove from the air during photosynthesis.
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| 10 name 2 renewable resources that are dependent on weather. | "1 Solar Energy
2 Wind Turbine
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| " 11 Name 2 renewable resources that are available at all times. | "1 Hydroelectricity
2 Bio fuel
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| " 12 Name 2 renewable resources that are only available at predicted times. | "1 Hydroelectricity
2 Solar Energy
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| " What is the law of conservation of energy? | Energy cannot be created and destroyed but only transferred from one store to another.
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| What are the units of work done? | joules
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| What is the equation for calculating efficiency from energy? | Efficiency = useful energy output/total energy input
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| What is the equation for calculating efficiency from power? | Efficiency = useful power output/useful power input
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| What is the type of energy transferred when a force moves through a distance? | Mechanical transfer
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| Mechanical transfer is…? | The energy transfer when a force moves through a distance
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| Electrical transfer is…? | energy transferred when a charge moves?
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| What is the energy transferred when a charge moves? | electrical transfer
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| What is the energy transferred by electromagnetic radiation? | Radiation transfer
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| Radiation transfer is…? | The energy transferred by electromagnetic radiation.
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| Heat transfer is…? | Energy transferred when an object is heated.
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| When an object is heated the energy transferr is a…? | heat transfer
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| List the 4 energy transfer pathways. | Mechanical, electrical, radiation and heat.
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| List 4 energy stores. | Four from: chemical, kinetic, gravitational potential, elastic potential, internal, nuclear, magnetic, electrostatic.
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| Energy stored in objects which move. | kinetic
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| What is a kinetic energy store | Energy stored in objects which move
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| Chemical energy is stored as…? | chemicals waiting to react
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| A battery is a store of __________ energy. | chemical
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| Food is a store of __________ energy. | chemical
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| A moving object is a store of ____________ energy | kinetic
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| What is a gravitational potential store? | energy storred in objects raised up against the force of gravity.
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| A rock at the top of a hill is a store of ___________ energy. | gravitational potential
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| What is an elastic potential store? | Energy stored in an object which has been stretched or compressed.
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| A compressed spring is a store of ___________ energy | elastic potential
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| An inflated balloon is a store of __________ energy | elastic potential
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| The internal energy store is… | energy stored in the movement of particles.
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| The internal energy store of an object can be changed by…? | heating or cooling
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| Energy stored in the nuclei of atoms is in the __________ store. | nuclear
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| What is a nuclear energy store? | Energy stored in the nuclei of atoms that can fuse or split.
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| What is the name of the process in which the nuclei of atoms fuse together? | fusion
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| What is the name of the process in which the nucleus of an atom splits? | fisssion
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| What is the magnetic energy store? | Energy stored in magnets that are attracting or repelling
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| What is the electrostatic energy store? | Energy stored n electric charges that are attracting or repelling
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| Name two non-renewable energy resources | Fossil fuels, nuclear fuel
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| What are some advantages of fossil fuels as an energy resource? | reliable, cheap
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| What is a reliable energy source | one which can produce energy all the time.
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| What are some disadvantages of fossil fuels? | carbon dioxide (greenhouse gas) produced leading to global warming. Can produce sulphur dioxide causing acid rain.
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| What are some advantages of nuclear fuel? | No carbon dioxide produced, reliable.
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| What are some disadvantages of nuclear fuel? | nuclear waste remains radioactive for thousands of years. Expensive to build and decommission
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| List 4 renewable energy resources. | Any 4 from: biofuel, wind, hydroelectricity, geothermal, tidal, wave, solar.
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| What are some advantages of biofuels? | carbon neutral, reliable
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| What are some disadvantages of biofuels? | production of fuel can damage ecosystems and reduce variety of crops grown
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| What are some advantages of wind power? | No carbon dioxide produced
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| What are some disadvantages of wind power? | unreliable, expensive to construct
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| What are some advantages of hydroelectricity? | No carbon dioxide produced
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| What are some disadvantages of hydroelectricty? | blocks rivers preventing fish migration, unreliable (may not produce electricity during droughts)
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| What are some advantages of geothermal energy? | doesn't damage ecosystems, reliable.
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| What are some disadvantages of geothermal energy? | fluids drawn from ground may contain greenhouse gases such as CO2 and methane.These contribute to global warming
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| What are some advantages of tidal energy? | No carbon dioxide produced.
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| What are some disadvantages of tidal energy? | unreliable - tides vary, may damage tidal ecosystem
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| What are some advantages of wave power? | No carbon dioxide produced
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| What are some disadvantages of wave power? | unreliable - may not produce electricity when calm seas
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| What are some advantages of solar power? | No carbon dioxide produced
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| What are some disadvantages of solar power? | unreliable - no electricity produced at night and limited on cloudy days. Expensive to construct.
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| What term is used to describe energy becoming spread out or transferred to a "wasted" store? | dissipation
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| What term is used to describe a method for reducing unwanted energy transfers by reducing friction? | lubrication
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| What is a thermal insulator? | A non-conductive material which reduces thermal energy transfers.
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| What is the name for a method of reducing energy transfers by the use of non-conductive materials? | insulation
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