objectives
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| Summarize host and parasite relationships | a relationship in which one organism survives at the hosts cost.
commensalism: one benefits while the other is neither harmed nor benefits.
mutualism: both benefit
parasitism: one benefits at the cost of the host.
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| appraise the importance of diagnosis of parasitic disease |
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| conclude the significance of the life cycle of a parasite in spread/prevention of a disease | life cycle: transmission, infective stage (invades host), diagnostic stage(ID in specimen). ways to prevent and control: insecticides and chemical, protective clothing, propper water treatment, good personal hygiene, proper sanitation
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| explain the areas of the body which may harbor parasites of medical importance | these areas include the lungs, blood stream, liver, intestines, and tissue.
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| summarize the general properties of the classes of protozoa -and the phylum platyhelminthes. | protozoa (single celled): ciliates(move via cilia), sporozoans (spore-like, coccidia, microsporidia, obligate endoparasites)
platyhelminthes (flat worms): cestodes (tapeworms-intestinal, tissue) trematodes (flukes- intestional, liver/lung, blood)
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| debate the significance of the phylum arthropoda for man. |
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| assess the methodology/characteristics used in identification of unknown parasites. | diagnosis based on morphology. with proper collection, processing, and examination. the most common specimen is stool. fecal examination includes macro/microscopic, feca. concentration procedures, and permanent stain.
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| summarize guidelines/methodology which will assure the quality of a specimen for parasitology exam and validity of the final result. |
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| outline substances or conditions which may affect the quality of fecal examination |
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| compare preservatives used in the parasitology laboratory, including advantages/disadvantages of each. | polyvinyl alcohol (pva) is used for stained slides
10% formalin is used for wet mounts and the zinc sulfate flotation method.
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| outline concentration methods used for fecal exam, assess application, and compare disadvantages and advantages of each. |
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| explain the appearance of common artifacts and distinguish them from parasites. | fruit and vegetable fibers can assume the appearance if parasitic larval and adult worm forms. Close examination reveals the absence of a mouth and alimentary tract.
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| compare two types of blood films prepared, and explain why/when each is used. | thin blood smear – for demonstration and differentiation of leukocytes.
thick blood smear – for diagnosis of blood protozoan parasites and blood abnormalities
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| evaluate stains used for detection of blood parasites. | the wright gemsia stain is used to identify blood smears
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| outline briefly the technique for scotch tape smears, and explain why the scotch tape is prep is done. | the optimal timing to do a scotch tape prep is immediately upon rising, before morning bath. this test is for the identification of pinworms. the female exits the body at night and lays eggs of the perianal skin
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| summarize the "special procedures" for intestinal parasites, and explain the purpose of each procedure. | cellophane or scotch tape test : pinworms
modified kinyoun acid-fast- stain (cold): sporozoans
blood smear: blood parasites
knott technique: concentrating microfilariae in blood.
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| evaluate specimens other than feces appropriate for the recovery of parasites. | blood, tissues, sputum,urine
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Created by:
joleen2