Schedules of Reinfor
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| A _____ of reinforcement is the _____ requirement that must be met in order to obtain reinforcement | show 🗑
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| show | continuous; CRF; intermittent; partial
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| show | continuous
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| When the weather is very cold, you are sometimes unable to start your car. The behavior of starting your car in very cold weather is a(n) _____ schedule of reinforcement | show 🗑
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| _____ are the different effects on behavior produced by different response requirements. These are the stable patterns of behavior that emerge once the organism has had sufficient exposure to the schedule. Such stable patterns are know as _____ behaviors | show 🗑
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| show | fixed ratio
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| A schedule in which 15 responses are required for each reinforcer is abbreviated _____ | show 🗑
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| A mother finds that she always has to make the same request three times before her child complies. The mother's behavior of making requests is on an _____ schedule of reinforcement | show 🗑
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| show | continuous (CRF)
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| A fixed ratio schedule tends to produce a _____ rate of response, along with a _____ | show 🗑
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| show | longer
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| show | break-and-run; post-reinforcement pause; high
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| A FR 12 schedule of reinforcement is _____ than a FR 75 schedule | show 🗑
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| show | rich
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| Over a period of months, Aaron changed from complying with each of his mother's requests to complying with every other request, then with every third request, and so on. The mother's behavior of making requests has been subjected to a procedure known as__ | show 🗑
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| show | varying, unpredictable number
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| show | high; without
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| An average of 1 in 10 people approached by a panhandler actually gives him money. His behavior of panhandling is on a _____ schedule or reinforcement | show 🗑
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| As with a FR schedule, an extremely lean VR schedule can result in _____ | show 🗑
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| On a fixed interval schedule, reinforcement is contingent upon the _____ response following a _____ period of _____ | show 🗑
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| Responding on an FI schedule is often characterized by a _____ pattern of responding consisting of a _____ followed by a gradually _____ rate of behavior as the interval draws to a close | show 🗑
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| On a pure FI schedule, any response that occurs _____ the interval is irrelevant | show 🗑
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| On a variable interval schedule, reinforcement is contingent upon the _____ response following a _____ period of _____ | show 🗑
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| You find that by frequently switching station on you radio, you are able to hear your favorite song an average of once every 20 minutes. Your behavior of switching stations is thus being reinforced on a _____ schedule | show 🗑
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| show | moderate; steady; post-reinforcement pause
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| show | ratio schedules; response; does
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| show | interval; little
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| show | variable; immediate
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| show | fixed; distant
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| On a _____ schedule, reinforcement is contingent upon responding continuously for a varying period of time; on an _____ schedule, reinforcement is contingent upon the first response after a fixed period of time | show 🗑
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| show | variable duration
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| In practicing the slow-motion form of exercise known as tai chi, Tung noticed the more slowly he moved, the more thoroughly his muscles relaxed. This is an example of _____ reinforcement of _____ behavior (abbreviated _____) | show 🗑
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| On a video game, the faster you destroy all the targets, the more bonus points you obtain. This is an example of _____ reinforcement of _____ behavior (abbreviated _____) | show 🗑
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| Frank discovers that his golf shots are much more accurate when he swings the club with a nice, even rhythm that is neither too fast nor too slow. This is an example of _____ reinforcement of _____ behavior (abbreviated _____) | show 🗑
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| show | noncontingent; independent
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| Every morning at 7:00 a.m. a robin perches outside Marilyn's bedroom window and begins singing. Given that Marilyn very much enjoys the robin's song, this is an example of a _____ 24-hour schedule of reinforcement (abbreviated _____) | show 🗑
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| For farmers, rainfall is an example of a noncontingent reinforcer that is typically delivered on a _____ schedule (abbreviated _____) | show 🗑
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| When noncontingent reinforcement happens to follow a particular behavior, that behavior may _____ in strength. Such behavior is referred to as _____ behavior | show 🗑
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| Herrnstein (1966) noted that superstitious behaviors can sometimes develop as a by-product of _____ reinforcement for some other behavior | show 🗑
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| show | VT
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| show | decrease
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| A child who is often hugged during the course of the day, regardless of what he is doing, is in humanistic terms receiving unconditional positive regard. In behavioral terms, he is receiving a form of _____ social reinforcement. | show 🗑
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| As a result, this child may be _____ likely to act out in order to receive attention | show 🗑
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| A complex schedule is one that consists of _____ | show 🗑
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| show | adjusting
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| show | conjunctive
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| show | adjusting; conjunctive
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| A chained schedule consists of a sequence of two or more simple schedules, each of which has its own _____ and the last of which results in a _____ | show 🗑
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| Within a chain, completion of each of the early links ends in a(n) _____ reinforcer, which also functions as the _____ for the next link of the chain | show 🗑
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| Responding tends to be weaker in the _____ links of a chain. This is an example of the _____ effect in which the strength and/or efficiency of responding _____ as the organism approaches the goal | show 🗑
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| show | backward; last
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| However, this type of procedure usually is not required with verbally proficient humans, with whom behavior chains can be quickly established through _____ | show 🗑
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| show | salient; secondary
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| show | physiological
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| show | secondary; primary
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| A major problem with drive reduction theory is that _____ | show 🗑
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| The motivation that is derived from some property of the reinforcer is called _____ motivation | show 🗑
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| show | behaviors; eating
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| The Premack principle states that a _____ behavior can be used as a reinforcer for a _____ behavior | show 🗑
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| According to the Premack principle, if you crack your knuckles 3 times per hour and burp 20 times per hour, the opportunity to _____ can probably be used as a reinforcer for _____ | show 🗑
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| show | soda; orange juice
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| show | lower
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| show | First you work (LPB), then you play (HPB)
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| show | restricted; below
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| If a child normally watches 4 hours of television per night, we can make television watching a reinforcer if we restrict free access to the television to _____ than 4 hours per night | show 🗑
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| show | reinforcing
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| show | Continue on next slide
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| According to the Premack principle, this will likely be an _____ contingency. According to the response deprivation hypothesis, this would be an _____ contingency | show 🗑
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| According to the behavioral _____ approach, an organism that _____ engage in alternative activities will distribute its behavior in such a way as to _____ the available reinforcement | show 🗑
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| Contingencies of reinforcement often _____ the distribution of behavior such that it is _____ to obtain the optimal amount of reinforcement | show 🗑
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| show | A schedule in which the response requirement changes as a function of the organism's performance while responding for the previous reinforcer
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| show | The theory that an organism with free access to alternative activities will distribute its behavior in such a way as to maximize overall reinforcement
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| show | A schedule consisting of a sequence of two or more simple schedules, each with its own discriminative stimulus and the last of which results in a terminal reinforcer
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| show | A schedule consisting of a combination of two or more simple schedules
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| show | A type of complex schedule in which the requirements of two or more simple schedules must be met before a reinforcer is delivered
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| continuous reinforcement schedule | show 🗑
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| show | A schedule in which reinforcement is contingent upon emitting at least a certain number of responses in a certain period of time--or, more generally, reinforcement is provided for responding at a fast rate
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| show | A schedule in which a minimum amount of time must pass between each response before the reinforcer will be delivered--or, more generally, reinforcement is provided for responding at a slow rate
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| differential reinforcement of paced responding (DRP) | show 🗑
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| drive reduction theory | show 🗑
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| fixed duration (FD) schedule | show 🗑
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| show | A schedule in which reinforcement is contingent upon the first response after a fixed, predictable period of time
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| fixed ratio (FR) schedule | show 🗑
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| show | A schedule in which the reinforcer is delivered following a fixed, predictable period of time, regardless of the organism's behavior
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| show | An increase in the strength and/or efficiency of responding as one draws near to the goal
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| show | Motivation derived from some property of the reinforcer, as opposed to an internal drive state
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| show | A schedule in which the reinforcer is delivered independently of any response
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| show | A schedule in which the reinforcer is delivered independently of any response
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| Premack principle | show 🗑
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| ratio strain | show 🗑
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| response deprivation hypothesis | show 🗑
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| response-rate schedule | show 🗑
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| show | The response requirement that must be met to obtain reinforcement
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| variable duration (VD) schedule | show 🗑
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| variable interval (VI) schedule | show 🗑
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| show | A schedule in which reinforcement is contingent upon a varying, unpredictable number of responses
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| show | A schedule in which the reinforcer is delivered following a varying, unpredictable period of time, regardless of the organism's behavior
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Created by:
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