AQA A Level Chemistry
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| What is an alcohol? | An organic compound with an -OH group
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| Draw the structure of the first three alcohols | Methanol, ethanol and propanol
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| Name a given alcohol, diol or triol | Given an example of each
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| What are the physical properties of alcohols? | Relatively high mp and bp, miscible with water
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| Explain the physical properties of alcohols | OH group leads to hydrogen bonding
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| What are the two methods for production of ethanol? | Fermentation of glucose, hydration of ethene
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| What are the conditions for the production of ethanol from ethene? | Heat, sulphuric acid catalyst, water
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| What conditions are necessary for the fermentation of glucose? | Compromise temperature of 35°C, enzymes, sealed vessel
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| Give two advantages of production of ethanol from glucose | Low tech required, renewable, potentially carbon neutral
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| Give three disadvantages of production of ethanol from glucose | Slow, Low yield, Significant land use, Has to be distilled, Labour intensive
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| How is ethanol extracted after fermentation of glucose? | Fractional distillation
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| Give two advantages of production of ethanol from ethene | Fast reaction, Pure product, Continuous process, Low on manpower, High yield, 100% alcohol
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| Give three disadvantages of production of ethanol from ethene | High technology, Non-renewable source, Expensive equipment
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| Write a balanced symbol equation for the complete combustion of a given alcohol | Write an example
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| What is a dehydration of an alcohol reaction? | One where water is eliminated from an alcohol
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| What is the product of a dehydration of an alcohol reaction | An alkene
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| What conditions are necessary for dehydration of an alcohol | Conc. phosphoric/sulphuric acid catalyst, heat and reflux
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| Draw a mechanism for the acid catalyzed dehydration of a given alcohol | Draw the mechanism
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| What is the advantage of dehydrating alcohols to form alkenes? | Alkenes can be used as chemical feedstock without using crude oil
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| What is an oxidation reaction in organic chemistry? | A reaction where oxygen is added or hydrogen is removed from a compound
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| What can primary alcohols be oxidized to? | Aldehydes and carboxylic acids
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| What can secondary alcohols be oxidized to? | Ketones
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| What can tertiary alcohols be oxidized to? | Nothing
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| How is oxidation symbolized in an equation? | [O]
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| What reagent is used for the oxidation of alcohols? | Acidified potassium dichromate
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| What colour change is observed in the oxidation of alcohols? | Acidified potassium dichromate turns green from orange
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| Which experimental method is used to convert alcohols to carboxylic acids? | Reflux
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| Which experimental method is used to convert alcohols to aldehyde | Distillation
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| Which chemical tests can distinguish between aldehydes and ketones? | Tollens's reagent or Fehling's solution
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| What is observed when Tollens' reagent is added to aldehydes? | Silver mirror
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| What is observed when Fehling's solution is added to aldehydes? | Orange precipitate
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