Help!
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| Microscopic study of the skin’s tissue | show 🗑
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| Study of the skin, its structure, functions, diseases and treatments | show 🗑
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| show | Pore
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| show | Hair follicle
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| show | 1.Protection
2. Absorption
3. Secretion
4. Excretion
5. Regulation
6. Sensation
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| show | Protection
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| Using it’s thousand of pores on the surface of the skin to provide necessary moisture, nourishment and protection - penetration | show 🗑
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| COmplex mixture of fatty substances that keeps the skin soft, supple and pliable | show 🗑
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| Protective barrier to prevent bacteria from invading the skin. Layer of sebum on the skin | show 🗑
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| Skin releasing sebum-a function | show 🗑
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| show | Excretion
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| Maintaining tempature | show 🗑
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| show | Sensation
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| show | Keratin
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| show | 1. Hard Keratin
2. Soft Keratin
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| Makes up the fingernails and hair | show 🗑
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| show | Soft Keratin
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| The outermost layer of the skin, also referred to as the cuticle or scarf skin | show 🗑
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| show | Dermis or dermal layer
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| show | Subcutaneous layer, also called subcutis or subdermis
___Adipose or fatty tissue
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| Known as the protective layer | show 🗑
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| show | Keratinocytes, which consist of the protein keratin
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| In addition to the keratinocytes, the epidermis layer is also made up of | show 🗑
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| 5 layers of the epidermis: | show 🗑
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| First passageway into the skin. Keratinocytes are located within the | show 🗑
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| show | Stratum Corneum
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| Unlike hard keratin found in nails, Keratin produced by the skin remains soft through a process called | show 🗑
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| Layer that is hardened, cornfield, horny cells | show 🗑
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| Layer that is transparent, clear (ludic) cells | show 🗑
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| Layer that has grain like cells | show 🗑
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| show | Stratum Spinosum
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| show | Stratum Germinativum or Statum Basale
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| show | Desmosomes
*the interconnectedness makes this lay water resistant, protects the skin’s moisture balance by acting as barrier to moisture loss
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| Normally Keratinocytes remain in the stratum Corneum for about ____ days before they are shed | show 🗑
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| Cells within the stratum Corneum protect the layers below with _____ | show 🗑
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| show | Stratum Lucidum
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| show | Stratum Lucidum
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| show | Stratum Granulosum
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| Granules (dying cells) on their way to the skin’s surface to replace cells that are shed from the Stratum Corneum are located in what layer | show 🗑
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| show | Organelles
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| All the cells are dead in the following layers: | show 🗑
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| show | Statum Spinosum
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| show | 8-10
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| show | Langerhans Cells
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| show | Antigens
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| show | T-Cells
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| Lowest layer of the epidermis is the | show 🗑
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| Contains basal cells that continually divide through a process called mitosis, to replace the cells that are lost from the cornfield outermost layer. | show 🗑
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| show | 25-30 days
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| show | Hemidesmosomes
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| show | Keratinocytes
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| show | Stratum Germinativum
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| Touch receptors, or sensory cells, that are only found in thick skin (without hair) in the stratum Germinativum. | show 🗑
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| show | Melanocytes produce _________ , which is packaged in intracellular vesicles called _____________
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| In response to UV rays, Melanocytes increase the production of | show 🗑
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| show | Dermis
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| Functions as the support structure, is comprised of many connective tissues and is rich in capillaries and blood vessels. | show 🗑
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| Connective tissues in the dermis are composed of a semi-fluid, jellylike substance containing | show 🗑
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| show | Fibroblast cells
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| Strong protein substance that when broken down, forms bundles that strengthen and give structure to the skin. Makes up approximately 70% of the dermis | show 🗑
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| Found in bone cartilage, tendons, and other connective tissues and is a major component in would healing and scar formation | show 🗑
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| Excessive amounts of collagen may product thick, raised scars called | show 🗑
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| Fiberous protein, similar to collagen and is the basis of what forms elastic tissue | show 🗑
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| show | Mast Cells
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| 2 layers of the dermis | show 🗑
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| show | Papillary dermis
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| show | Receptors
*Pain receptors are free nerve endings not associated with cells.
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| Merkel cells found in ___________of the palms and soles, have specialized nerve endings associated with them. Pain receptors detect extreme temperatures, mechanical surface injury and chemical applications such as high level chem peels | show 🗑
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| Free nerve endings located in the dermis. Cold receptors outnumber the heat receptors by 3-4 times. | show 🗑
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| show | Mechanoreceptors
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| show | General touch, pressure or vibration
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| 4 Main receptors for sensation: | show 🗑
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| Light pressure and cold receptors | show 🗑
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| show | Ruffini’s Corpuscles
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| Deep pressure and pain receptors | show 🗑
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| show | Krause’s End Bulbs
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| Lowest layer of the dermis | show 🗑
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| show | Reticular Dermis
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| _________ is the skin’s mattress __________ is the coils that hold it together | show 🗑
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| 5 things that originate in the reticular dermis | show 🗑
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| Produce sweat, a mixture of water, urea, electrolytes and lactic acid. Controlled by the body’s nervous system. | show 🗑
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| Each sudoriferous gland consists of: | show 🗑
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| Considered to be appendages of the skin, there are two types of sudoriferous glands | show 🗑
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| Sweat glands located under the arms, in genitals and the nipples. Secrete odorless susbstance which triggered by emotions rather than horomones | show 🗑
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| show | Apocrine Glands
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| show | Eccrine glands
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| show | Eccrine glands
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| Like the thyroid gland, release their secretions (horomones) into the blood and are known as ductless glands. | show 🗑
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| Like sweat gland and sebaceous gland, these release their secretions into ducts. These ducts deposit the glandular secretions on the surface of the skin | show 🗑
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| Influenced by the sympathetic nervous system, which produces physiological responses such as increased heart rate, blood flow, sweating and faster respiration. | show 🗑
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| show | Eccrine
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| show | Sebaceous glands
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| show | Sebaceous Glands
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| Largest number of sebaceous glands are found in the | show 🗑
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| Attached to the upper 1/3 of the hair follicle and are 2-3 times larger around facial hair follicles than scalp hair follicles | show 🗑
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| show | Androgen - male horomones present in men and women
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| show | The Acid Mantle
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| show | Subcutaneous layer, also called subcutis or subdermis
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| show | Subcutaneous Layer
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| show | 1.Epithelial
2.Connective
3. Muscular
4.Nerve
5. Liquid
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| show | Epithelial
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| Type of tissue found in the dermis | show 🗑
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| Type of tissue found in muscles | show 🗑
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| Type of tissue found in nerves | show 🗑
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| show | Liquid
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| 4 Examples of connective tissue | show 🗑
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| Produce collagen and elastin | show 🗑
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| show | Adipocytes
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| show | Mast Cells
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| Surround and digest foreign substances; white blood cells | show 🗑
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| show | Lymphocytes
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| Fight infections | show 🗑
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| Respond to pain; free nerve endings not associated with cells | show 🗑
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| show | Thermoreceptors
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| Respond to stimuli that distort cell membranes; stretching, compression, twisting | show 🗑
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| Report the degree of mechanical distortion and the amount of weight | show 🗑
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| Report fine touch, pressure and vibrations | show 🗑
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| show | Meissner’s corpuscles
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| Report long-term pressure and heat | show 🗑
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| show | Pacinian corpuscles
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| show | Krause’s end bulb
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| Cell located in the epidermis, covers and protects | show 🗑
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| show | Keratinocytes
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| show | Melanocytes
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| Cell located in the stratum Germinativum, divide and produce new cells to replace the skin cells that have been shed | show 🗑
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| show | Adipose cells
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| show | Fibroblast
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| show | Langerhans cells
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| Cells located as the spines between the cells, provides strength and support between cells | show 🗑
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| show | Hemidesmosomes
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| Cells located int he stratum Germinativum, detect subtle, gentle to light tough; slow reacting mechanoreceptors found in the epidermis; touch receptors | show 🗑
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| The process of _______ stimulates new cell growth | show 🗑
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| show | Mechanical or manual exfoliation
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| Process of using natural substances such as enzymes or alpha hydroxy acids in conjunction with other ingredients | show 🗑
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| Process of absorption into the skin is known as | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Through pores
2. Through hair follicles
3. Through intercellular cement
4. Through sebaceous and sudoriferous glands
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| show | Intercellular cement
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| show | -Condition of the stratum Corneum, thicker=slower
-Hydration level; more moisture=slower
-Oiliness of the skin; more oil=slower
-Size of products molecules: larger molecule=slower
-Temperature of skin:Higher=slower
-Pore size: larger=faster
-Temp
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| show | Rash
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| A change in the structure of the skin tissue | show 🗑
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| 2 types of lesions | show 🗑
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| Changes in the structure of the skin during the early stages of change and development | show 🗑
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| 7 Primary lesions | show 🗑
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| Discoloration on the skins surface. Flat areas, usually rounded and distance, may be oval irregular or have an outline that gradually fades into surrounding tissues. Example is large freckle | show 🗑
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| Solid formation above the skin, often caused by insect bites or allergic reaction. Sharply defined or solid, raised pink swelling or welt that rises above the skin | show 🗑
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| Small elevation of the skin, usually inflammatory, that does not contain pus. Similar to vesicles in size, if they progress they can become pustules | show 🗑
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| show | Pustule
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| show | Vesicle
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| show | Bulla
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| show | Nodule or tumor
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| show | Cyst
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| Skin lesions that appear as a condition or disease progresses and requires treatment by a physician. | show 🗑
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| show | Crust
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| show | Excoriation
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| Is the shedding of dead skin cells of the uppermost layer of the epidermis. May be dry, such as with psoriasis or oily such as with dandruff | show 🗑
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| A formation resulting from a lesion, which extends into the dermis or deeper, and is part of the normal healing process. Permanent, can generally become less noticeable with time. Size and shape are dependent upon the extent of the original injury | show 🗑
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| show | Fissure
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| show | Ulcer
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| show | Atopic Dermatitis
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| show | Contact Dermatitis
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| show | Seborrheic Dermatitis (a form of eczema)
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| Inheritable disease that can be triggered by environmental factors if person is genetically predisposed to the disease. Produces an excess of thick, scaly, silvery skin pat aches surround by a red area. Chronic condition that can’t be cured | show 🗑
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| show | Eczema
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| Allergic reaction that produces eruptions of wheals, also referred to as urticaria, rashes are triggered by a release of histamine in the body. Tend to be very itchy and can burn or sting as well | show 🗑
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| show | Infection
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| show | Herpes Simplex
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| Caused by the varicella-zoster virus (chickenpox). Starts with pain, tenderness and burning along a nerve root area on one side of the body only. Blisters occur within 5 days and can last up to 10 | show 🗑
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| show | Impetigo
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| show | Tinea (ringworm)
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| show | Tinea Corporis
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| show | Tinea Versicolor or Pityriasis Versicolor
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| Viral infections on the top layer of skin that are caused by HPV. Produce a rough keratotic (deep horny skin layer) skin growths, found on hands, fingers, feet, and genitals | show 🗑
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| show | Candida Albicans
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| Acute and very contagious, an inflammation of the membrane that lines the eyelid. Inflammation of the eyelids and eyeballs | show 🗑
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| show | Sebaceous Gland Disorders
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| Dry scaly skin caused by reduced sebum production. Condition also occurs as tissue ages | show 🗑
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| Condition caused by excess secretion of the sebaceous glands. Commonly associated with oily skin types | show 🗑
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| Harmless sebaceous cyst filled with sebum which is considered a tumor of the sebaceous gland. Also called wens, usually appear on scalp, neck or back and range in size. When ruptures, can be painful as it stimulates inflammation response | show 🗑
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| Painful infection of a hair follicle and adjacent subcutaneous tissue that appears as a firm nodule with a central, hard, pus-filled core. Involves 1 hair follicle | show 🗑
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| show | Carbuncle (group of boils)
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| Chronic inflammatory condition of the face in which small capillaries of the face become dilated and inflamed. Superficial tissue of the face also becomes inflamed on the nose, cheeks, and chin. Often accompanied by red, acne type pustules and papule. | show 🗑
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| show | Telangiectasia
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| show | Rhinophyma
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| Chronic inflammatory disorder of the sebaceous glands. Occurs when hair follicles become plugged with sebum, dead skin cells and bacterial called PROPIONIBACTERIUM OR P. ACNESBACTERIA | show 🗑
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| This anaerobic bacteria flourishes in the absence of oxygen, irritates and inflames the hair follicle lining and causes the sebaceous gland to clog. Sebum cont. to be produced and trapped with bacterial under the skin along with pus. | show 🗑
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| show | Androgen
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| In acne, the degree of pore clogging is directly related to the accumulation of the keratinized skin cells that adhere to the follicle, called | show 🗑
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| An open follicle with a black surface plug, which has been oxidized and discolored due to the sebum’s contact with the air. No skin covering the opening where the sebum comes into contact with the air | show 🗑
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| show | Comedones
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| Plugged sebaceous gland with an opening that is not widely dilated. Bulge because sebum produced cannot escape. Generally soft, lack of inflammation and are easy to extract | show 🗑
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| Mild acne consisting of open and closed comedones scattered over less than half of the areas of the face or back. | show 🗑
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| Moderate acne that has an increased number of open and closed comedones as well as an occasional papule or pustule | show 🗑
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| Moderately severe acne that is characterized by numerous open and closed comedones, papule, pustules and occasional cysts. Frequently red and inflamed. Some acne scarring can start especially with the cystic lesions or acne lesions that have been picked | show 🗑
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| Severe acne consisting of numerous papule and pustules as well as a large number of cysts on the face, chest, and/or back. Large cystic lesions leave deep scarring. Acne can occur over 50% or more of the face | show 🗑
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| Small elevation of the skin, usually inflammatory, that does not contain pus | show 🗑
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| Small inflamed elevation, the next step in the progression from a papule, fulled with bacterial fluid and pus. Appear read and cloudy or white | show 🗑
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| Pearly white enclosed cysts | show 🗑
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| Characteristic by inflammatory hard lesions found deeper in the skin at the point where the hair follicle becomes plugged with dead skin cell | show 🗑
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| Acne treatments include: | show 🗑
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| An ingredient used to dry and exfoliate. Releases oxygen, which helps in killing the bacteria | show 🗑
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| show | Topical antibiotics
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| show | Retain-A
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| An acid that promotes drying and cell turnover | show 🗑
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| A beta hydroxy acid that mildly dries and promotes cell turnover by producing a mild keratolyic action | show 🗑
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| An alpha hydroxy acid that breaks the bonds that connect skin cells together, allowing for cell turnover and exfoliation. Glycolic and alpha hydroxy peels remove the stratum corneum and unplug clogged pores | show 🗑
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| Oral therapies include the use of antibiotics such as: | show 🗑
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| show | Accurate, also called Isotretinoin
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| show | Bromidrosis or Osmidrosis
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| Lack of perspiration caused by a failure of the sweat glands. Often caused by fever or illness and requires medical attendion | show 🗑
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| Over production of perspiration caused by excessive heat or general body weakness | show 🗑
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| Small projections on the skin that can develop as a result of a variety of causes such as sun exposure, hormonal changes, trauma to the skin or rubbing. Can be classified as benign, pre-malignant or malignant tumors | show 🗑
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| show | Being growths or moles
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| Small elevated growths that can easily be removed by a physician. Found where skin rubs against itself or clothing | show 🗑
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| Similar in appearance to malignant growths. Can be flat or raised, and are irregular in shape and border. Can be shades of black, brown, red, blue, or white | show 🗑
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| Common pre-malignant growths on the skin that are irregularly shaped, scaly, red-pink growths that feel rough to the touch and occur on sun-exposed areas | show 🗑
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| Cancerous growths | show 🗑
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| show | Basal Cell Carcinomas
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|
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| An irregular, crusted, red papule that occurs in sun exposed areas and ma be an actinic keratosis that went untreated | show 🗑
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| Most dangerous skin growth. Evolve from flat or raised pigmented lesions anywhere on the body | show 🗑
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| 2 examples of malignant growths | show 🗑
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| Pigmentation disorders are a result of abnormal pigmentation referred to as | show 🗑
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| show | Hyperpigmentation
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|
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| Lack of pigmentation or melanin production results in light or white patches called | show 🗑
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| Group of inherited conditions that results in the failure of the skin to produce melanin | show 🗑
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| show | Leukoderma
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|
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| show | Vitiligo
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|
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| show | Nevus
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|
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| Also known as a freckle, small yellowish or brownish spot on the skin. Typically multiples due to sun exposure | show 🗑
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| Disorder that results from trauma to tissue from acne, burns, injury or some skin rashes such as dermatitis or psoriasis. Condition creates flat, darkened patches that are irregular in shape and appear anywhere the inflammation occurred | show 🗑
|
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| show | Chloasma or Melasma
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|
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| show | Acute
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|
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| show | Allergen
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|
||||
| A sensitivity that may develop from contact with normally harmless substances such as fragrances or colorings; symptoms of an allergy may include itching, redness, swelling and/or blisters | show 🗑
|
||||
| A term used to describe conditions that are frequent and continuing persisting for a period of 3 months or more | show 🗑
|
||||
| Refers to a disease that is communicable by casual contact | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Dermatitis
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|
||||
| An allergic reaction to certain cosmetics or chemicals. This is a form of contact dermatitis that frequently occurs with skin care and Beirut’s professionals | show 🗑
|
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| show | Diagnosis
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|
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| show | Edema
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|
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| A redness of the skin caused by dilation or congestion of the capillaries | show 🗑
|
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| The study of the cause of diseases, disorders or conditions | show 🗑
|
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| show | Hyperkeratosis
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|
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| show | Inflammation
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|
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| The buildup of skin cells on the epidermis | show 🗑
|
||||
| These symptoms are visible to the eye, such as papule, pustules, and redness | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Occupational disorder
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|
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| show | Parasitic disease
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|
||||
| show | Pathology
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|
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| Predicting the probable course and outcome of a condition, disorder or disease | show 🗑
|
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| show | Pruritus
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|
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| A skin condition or disorder influenced by the weather or seasonal changes | show 🗑
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| These are symptoms that can be felt by the client but are not visible to others, such as itching and burning | show 🗑
|
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| show | Systemic disease
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|
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| show | Intrinsic Aging
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|
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| Skin aging caused by external factors, also known as skin deterioration | show 🗑
|
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| Fitzpatrick Phototype Scale has how many types | show 🗑
|
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| show | Type 1
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| show | Type 2
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|
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| Sometimes burns, and usually tans. This client could be of Mediterranean descent, a white skin with medium pigment | show 🗑
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| Tans easily and very rarely burns. Client’s skin color tends to be a moderate brown shade | show 🗑
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| show | Type 5
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|
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| Never burns and tans very dark. Clients’ skin is black in color | show 🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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Ingabrown