Chapter 1 Study guide
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
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on it to display the answer.
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| True / False When focusing a microscope, you should always focus by moving the objective lens closer to the slide. | True
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| The microscope used in today's lab exercise used in today's lab exercise is a _________ compound | brightfield
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| The _____ concentrates light onto the slide and contains an iris diaphragm to control the angle and size of the cone of light | condenser
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| the magnification of a microscope is determined by multiplying the magnification of the ____ and the ____ lenses. | objective; ocular
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| Immersion oil is used only with the ___ objective lens. | 97A--to 100A---
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| True / False When observing microbes on a slide, you should always start with a low-power objective lens before using a higher magnification.. | True
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| When oil immersion is used, where is it placed? | on the slide
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| To increase the magnification, you must switch to a higher-power ____ lens. | objective
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| Objectives that are parfocal_______ | remain in focus and need only a slight fine focus adjustment when moving between lenses.
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| Biogenesis or spontaneous generation? Life can arise spontaneously from nonliving matter. | Spontaneous generation
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| Biogenesis or spontaneous generation? Vital forces in nonliving matter can lead to new life. | Spontaneous generation
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| Biogenesis or spontaneous generation? Living cells can arise from nonliving matter under favorable contiditions. | Spontaneous generation
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| Biogenesis or spontaneous generation? Microorganisms present in nonliving matter can lead to new microorganisms. | Biogenesis
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| Biogenesis or spontaneous generation? Life can arise as a result of microorganisms present in nonliving matter. | Biogenesis
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| Biogenesis or spontaneous generation? Living cells can arise only from preexisting living cells. | Biogenesis
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| Louis Pasteur's Experiment what purpose does the beef broth serve | provided a nutritious environment to support microbial growth
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| Louis Pasteur's Experiment what purpose does the Bunsen burner (flame) | provided heat that destroyed microorganisms already present in the beef broth
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| Louis Pasteur's Experiment what purpose does the Flask with S-shaped neck | provided the physical conditions for trapping airborne contaminants and preventing microorganisms from entering the flask
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| Louis Pasteur's Experiment what purpose does the Air | provided a source of potential external microbial contaminants
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| In Louis Pasteur's Experiment when the S-shaped neck is broken near the mouth of the flask and broken before the first curve in the S-shaped neck this would most likely lead to | contamination of the sterilized beef broth. The unique shape is designed to prevent airborne microorganisms from reaching the sterilized beef broth
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| In Louis Pasteur's Experiment involving the S-shaped necks (1) | Microorganisms can be present in nonliving matter, such as air, liquids, and solids
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| In Louis Pasteur's Experiment involving the S-shaped necks (2) | Pasteur's observations support the theory of biogenesis
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| In Louis Pasteur's Experiment involving the S-shaped necks (3) | Microbes can be blocked from accessing favorable growth environments
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| In Louis Pasteur's Experiment involving the S-shaped necks (4) | Microbial life can be destroyed by heat
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| describe aseptic technique based on what you learned from Pasteur's experiment | taking steps to prevent contaminants from entering sterile solutions, using Bunsen burner (flame) to heat a wire inoculating loop prior to use, wearing gloves when handling sterile laboratory equipment
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| What are the characteristics of Bacteria | Derive nutrition from organic or inorganic sources or conduct photosynthesis they have cell walls that contain peptidoglycan
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| What are the characteristics of Archaea | Not typically associated with human disease, they are found in extreme environments
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| What are the characteristics of Fungi | Can be unicellular or multicellular, Eukaryotic
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| What are the characteristics of Viruses | Cannot reproduce outside a host cell, can be seen only with an electron microscope
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| Francesco Redi's experiment demonstrated | that living organisms are derived from other living organisms
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| Louis Pasteur's experiment using flasks with S-Shaped flasks demonstrated that if you tip the flask so the broth enters the neck of the long S-shape neck and then return to upright position the broth would | become contaminated with microbes because they were trapped in the neck
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| S. aureus has been isolated from George's infected wound to satisfy Koch's postulates what would George's doctor need to do | inject the S. aureus into an animal, observe whether the animal gets an infection similar to George's and isolate the same strain of S. aureus from the infection
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| Which of the following are limitations of antibiotics? | antibiotics may be toxic, treatment with antibiotics can lead to the emergence of resistant strains, antibiotics are not effective in treating viral infections.
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| MRSA strain is | transmissible
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| The scientific method series of steps in order | Observe a natural phenomenon or reaction, devise an explanation of what you have observed, experiment to support or refute your explanation, record the results of your experiments
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| The scientific method series of steps in order-continued | determine whether your results support or refute your explanation, decide whether you need to rewrite your explanation or it has withstood testing
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| What is the area of biology that studies DNA and chromosomes | Genetics
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| Koch's Postulates: | suspected causative agent must be found in every case of the disease and be absent from healthy hosts, agent must be isolated and grown outside the host, when agent is introduced to healthy susceptible host the host must get the disease
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| Koch's Postulates-continued | the same agent must be found in the diseased experimental host
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| Microorganisms are involved in each of the following processes | O2 production, decomposition of organic material, food production, infection
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| The term used to describe a disease -causing microorganism is | pathogen
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| Which of the following are True concerning microbes | they generate oxygen though photosynthesis, play a role in breaking down waste and decomposing dead organisms, microbes produce vitamins in the intestines
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| The formal system for classifying and naming organisms was developed by | Carlolus Linnaeus
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| A prokaryotic cell may possess each of the following cellular components | a cell wall, a cell membrane, ribosomes, flagella
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| Rod shaped bacterial cells are | bacillus
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| Protozoan motility structures include | cilia, flagella, and pseudopods
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| Viruses are not considered living organisms because they | cannot reproduce by themselves
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| The 3 domain system consists of | Archaea, Eukarya and bacteria
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| Archaea differ from bacteria in that archaea | have diverse cell wall compositions
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| Scientific names are composed of | binomial nomenclature that consists of the Gene which is capitalized and the Specific epithet. The entire scientific name is always underline or italicized.
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| Eukarya includes | Protists, Fungi, plants, and animals
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| Eukarya is a | single celled and multicellular organisms, with a defined nucleus and a variety of nutritional sources
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| True / False A student has obtained a sample of pond water for study. Using the high-power lens, he observes several cells with nuclei. He can conclude that the cells are NOT bacteria. | True
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| True/False All cells possess a cell wall | False
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| Who is credited with first observing cells | Robert Hooke
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| Who is credited with first observing microorganisms? | Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
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| Biogenesis refers to the | development of life forms from preexisting life forms
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| The arguments supporting spontaneous generation were finally disproved by | Louis Pasteur
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| With regard to Louis Pasteur's experiment with the S-neck flask what happened | Air exchange was involved, a food source was provided, the possibility of contamination was removed, all preexisting microorganisms were killed.
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| The microbial process of converting sugars to alcohol is known as? | Fermentation
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| Proof that a microbe could cause disease was provided by | Koch
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| The use of phenol (carbolic acid) as a wound disinfectant was first practiced by | Lister
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| Mycology is the study of | molds, yeast, and mushrooms
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| What should be utilized for the following situation determination of the cause of a new emerging disease by scientists studying disease transmission | Koch's postulates
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| Who identified the cause of anthrax | Koch
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| Which physician is first associated with vaccination | Jenner
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| Who discovered penicillin by accident | Alexander Fleming
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| Who was the first scientist tp pursue a "majic bullet" that could be used to treat infectious disease | Ehrlich
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| Which disease has been eliminated through the use of vaccines | smallpox
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| Recombinant DNA refers to the | DNA resulting when genes from one organism are inserted into another organism
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| The observation of Hooke and Anton Van Leeuwenhoek documenting the existence of microscopic cells formed the basis of what important theory | The cell theory, stating that all living things are composed of cells
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| What is true about antibiotics | In some cases, antibiotics are able to kill pathogenic microbes without harming human cells
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| True/False The process of pasteurization to reduce food spoilage utilizes high heat to kill all bacteria present | False
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| True/False Spontaneous generation refers to living cells arising only from other living cells | False
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| Microorganisms are essential to our life, each of the following is an example of a beneficial function of microorganisms | Agriculture, alternative fuel production, bioremediation, gene therapy
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| Recombinant DNA technology has become an increasingly important part of our life. It is used for all of the following | Increasing nutritional value of food, vaccine production, enhancing food longevity, and drug production
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| The following statements are true about biofilms | in pipes can block the flow of water, in your body protect mucous membranes from harmful microbes, on rocks provide food for animal life, on medical devices cause infections
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