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Test on chapters 13 and 20

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
Approximately what percentage of the water on Earth is saltwater?   show
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show Desertification  
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One way to conserve water in agriculture is to employ   show
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show Most efficient irrigation method consisting of a network of plastic tubing installed with small pinholes to deliver drops of water more precisely. It reduces 90% of water waste.  
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show Considered non-renewable  
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show A large-scale water diversion project  
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show Surface water  
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show Transpiration  
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Underground caverns and porous layers of sand, gravel, or bedrock through which groundwater flows   show
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Upper surface of the zone of saturation   show
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Confined aquifer   show
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show Flooding  
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One method of desalination is   show
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Which best explains the general downward trend in Colorado River flow from 1910 to 1970   show
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What can be inferred from river flow decreasing   show
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Colorado River Case Study   show
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show 0.024%  
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Causes of water shortage   show
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show Extracting groundwater, building dams, transferring water from one place to another, desalination  
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Floodplains   show
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Water table   show
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show Spaces in soil and rock below a certain depth that are completely filled with water, falls in dry weather, rises in wet weather  
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show Underground caverns and porous layers of sand, gravel, or rock through which groundwater flows  
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Watershed   show
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show Structure built across a river to control the river's flow  
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show Dammed water creates an artificial lake  
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Distillation   show
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Reverse osmosis   show
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show Uses low pressure sprinkler pumps to spray water on a crop and allows 80% of water to reach crops  
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show 70% of drinking water from desalination, the rest is from pumping deep aquifers. Most of water is used to irrigate crops. In 2008 it announced that their biggest aquifer had been depleted and that they would stop wheat production  
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Ogallala Aquifer   show
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show Catskill watershed 125 miles provides more than 90% of the city's supply, rest comes from Croton shed. Water is treated at the source naturally and the feds exempt us from other filtration. Aqueduct relies on gravity alone  
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show Under construction is the world's largest irrigation dam on the Yangtze river. The dam will flood farmland and force relocation of many people living in cities and villages along the river banks.  
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show Densely populated, rely on moderate annual flooding but recently there have been severe floods which destroyed crops and houses, destruction of Mangrove forests led to more severe floods. They are trying to adapt to flooding conditions with diff crops  
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Multiple dams have been erected along the Colorado River. Identify TWO benefits other than agriculture and recreation that people derive from that system of dams.   show
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show Habitat alteration, displacement of native species, risk of flood from failure of dam, disruption of fish migrations, sedimentation behind dam  
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show Water moves and is directed to a turbine, water rotates the turbine and electricity is produced when the rotation drives a generator  
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Identify TWO economic benefits, other than hydroelectric power generation and control of downstream flooding, associated with dams.   show
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Describe one ecological benefit of seasonal flooding of the floodplain of a free-flowing river.   show
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show Dams block flow of sediments from upstream, prevents flooding and erosion. Deforestation increases erosion because it removes a natural blockade and increases the sediment load into the river  
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How is water quality tested and measured?   show
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Oxygen Sag Curve   show
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Water pollution in developed vs developing countries   show
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US Safe Drinking Water Act   show
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Bioaccumulation   show
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Clean Water Act   show
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show Bacterial disease of small intestine contracted from infected water supply that causes severe vomiting and diarrhea  
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show Spreads through contaminated food or water- high fever, headache, constipation, diarrhea  
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Parasites   show
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show Discharge from a combined sewer caused by excess runoff  
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Dead zones   show
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show Sewage sludge is produced as a muddy byproduct during waste water treatment  
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Gray Water   show
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show Underground chamber for basic sewage treatment, settling sediments  
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Cuyahoga River   show
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Deepwater Horizon   show
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show Oil spill in Alaska's Prince William Sound  
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show Caused by algal blooms from nitrates from farms. Scientists fear that the situation could reach a tipping point and the ecosystem could collapse  
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Flint Michigan   show
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show Pollution from industrial waste, exposure to cancer causing chemicals, EPA dredged and capped areas containing contaminated sediment  
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show Eutrophication problem in the 1960s from industrial waste that has since been fixed with Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement. Now, problems still remain because cities dup raw sewage into lake and non point fertilizers and nutrients  
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Great Pacific Garbage Patch   show
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show Agricultural activities, eroded sediment, industrial facilities, mining,  
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Solutions to water pollution   show
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Clean zone   show
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Decomposition zone   show
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show Most fish absent, low levels of oxygen  
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Lakes with unexpected large agal blooms due to a lack of secondary waste treatment is the result of   show
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show Water flows slowly through grit chambers allowing sand and small particles to settle out  
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show Not used except when warranted by local regulations, nitrates and phosphates are removed  
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