Jazz History Final 3
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| talk about 1940s jam sessions | provided an opportunity for musicians to experiment, occurred after hours, became popular after WW2, drew large audience as formal staged events, participation was ENCOURAGED by top bandleaders
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| which professional opportunities were available to top jazz musicians in the 1940s? | working on records, playing in pit bands, playing on movie tracks, performing in radio stations
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| why can coleman hawkins be convincingly described as the father of the jazz tenor sax? | by establishing a strong jazz style on the instrument, he ended its previously comic and novelty image
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| what was coleman hawkins great musicians innovation | to perform variations based on songs harmonic structure
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| which musical element is most prominent in coleman hawkins improvised lines? | arpeggios
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| what is coleman hawkins most significant harmonic innovation | using substitute chord changes
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| why was coleman hawkins recording of body and soul considered a landmark jazz improvisation | mastery of melodies formed with arpeggios, it blends improvisational spontaneity w/ compoisitional logic, it abandons the melodic foundation of the song and takes on melodies of the underlying harmonic structure
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| this tenor saxophonist influenced by coleman hawkins gained famed as a rambunctious soloist with the duke ellington orchestra | ben webster
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| talk about lester youngs early experiences | played several instruments in family band, looked up to frank trumbauer, took part in kansas city jam sessions, performed throughout the midwest with king olvier and other leaders
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| lester youngs playing style | improvised on the general harmonic framework rather than on each chord,not harsh,repeated notes while changing pitch slighly alternating fingering, played rhythms related to 4beat measure in complex ways,explored pitches not supported by harmonicFramework
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| how was lester youngs personal style | creative slang, pork pie hat, held his sax at an angle, wore narrow knit ties, not outgoing in conversation
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| django reinhardts right hand technique on guitar was | strong, percussive picking that resulted in a piercing tone
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| valadia snow had success especially in europe, she performed with | trumpet, voice, dance and conducting
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| billie holidays song about lynching | strange fruit
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| ella fitzgeralds style | 4 octave range, joyful timbre, scar singing, squeals and growls
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| this instrument is definitely not in the swing rhythm section | banjo
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| these instruments are in the swing rhythm section | piano bass guitar drums
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| why is charlie christian considered the god father of the electric guitar | he revealed the broad and expressive range and lyricism that the electric guitar could produce
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| where was charlie chirstians swing to bop solo recorded? | a night club jam session
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| which bassist established a model for walking bass in his work with the blue devils, benny moten and count bassie | walter page
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| T or F: many white saxophonists imitated lester youngs upper feathery register timbre | true, mulligna eger and desmond
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| T or F: in denmark during ww2 jazz was understood as a form of nazi propoganda | false
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| T or F: billie holidays public downfall was in part due to her dependency on narcotics | true
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| T or F: ella fitzgerald had a much smaller vocal range than billie holiday | false, 4 octave
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| T or F: the drummer chick webb took ella fitzgerald under his wing and brought her to public attention | true
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| T or F: in her scat improvisation on blue skies, ella interpolates a quotation from gershwins rhapsody in blue | true
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| T or F: jo jones is known for shifting the rhythmic emphasis from the snare and bass drum to the hi-hat cymbal | true
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| after completing their nightly work in refined and restrictive ig bands many soloists would participate in ____ where they could stretch out, experiment and improvise | jam sessions
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| lester youngs two improvised choruses on this song were often cited as his finest works | oh lady be good
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| during her tenure with the basie band, billie holiday formed an intimate musical partnership with saxophonist | lester young
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| charlie christian, jimmy blanton and chick web all suffered from | tuberculosis
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| the band led by drummer _____had a long standing residency at the savoy ballroom throughout the early 1930s | chick webb
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| nick name for coleman hawkins | the bean
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| nick name for ella fitzgerald | first lady of song
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| nick name for lester young | pres
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| nick name for billie holiday | lady day
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| nick name for ben webster | the brute
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| billie holiday describe her | abusive upbringing, smaller range, sang sad songs, sang behind the beat did not scatt sing, shorter career.
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